金代提刑使與按察使群體研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-24 15:44
【摘要】：監(jiān)察制度是確保國家機(jī)器正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治秩序的重要保證。因而監(jiān)察系統(tǒng)一直備受歷代王朝統(tǒng)治者的重視。女真族在建立金朝后,其監(jiān)察制度在繼承宋制的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了符合其自身特點(diǎn)的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新,并對后世的元、明兩代的監(jiān)察制度產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。在地方監(jiān)察上,金代設(shè)有提刑司與按察司做為其在地方一級(jí)的監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu),提刑司與按察司的設(shè)立,對金代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化乃至社會(huì)生活等方面都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文立足前輩學(xué)者的研究之上,從提刑司、按察司的主要任職人員入手,就提刑使、提刑副使、按察使、按察副使的職官沿革、籍貫與仕履進(jìn)行研究,以求對金代這一職官群體的全貌有所了解。本文除緒論和結(jié)語外,共分三章:第一章金代提刑司、按察司的設(shè)置及演變。金朝前期,并沒有地方一級(jí)的監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu),監(jiān)察僅靠御史臺(tái)派遣監(jiān)察御史廉察或密訪地方官的政績,大定二十九年(1189年)章宗即位,同年六月,設(shè)立提刑司,主要職責(zé)是考核官吏、舉賢薦能、上奏不法。承安四年(1199年),改提刑司為按察司,職官設(shè)置大體相同,最大的不同體現(xiàn)在職能上,改革后的按察司不再兼采訪舉薦廉能的職責(zé),工作主職轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)彶樾酞z。第二章金代提刑使、提刑副使的籍貫與仕履。爬梳古籍及碑刻資料,共查閱金代提刑使13人,提刑副使6人,通過其籍貫及入仕途徑的分析,可知金代提刑使、提刑副使籍貫的分布呈現(xiàn)出不均衡的狀態(tài),在燕云、齊魯、河?xùn)|等地理位置優(yōu)越、文化底蘊(yùn)深厚、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)分布較多。其入仕途徑可分為兩類,一類是科舉考試入仕,主要以漢族提刑使、提刑副使為主;另一類是非科舉考試入仕,如軍功入仕、蔭補(bǔ)入仕、世襲入仕等,主要以女真提刑使、提刑副使為主。無論是女真族還是漢族提刑使、提刑副使,入仕后多任職地方,從事一些具體的事務(wù)性工作,如主簿、縣丞等。如其在任上表現(xiàn)突出或無較大過失,基本上會(huì)得到升遷。金代提刑使、提刑副使轉(zhuǎn)出官多以地方官為主,多以各府知事、諸軍節(jié)度使為主;若轉(zhuǎn)為中央官的多擔(dān)任御史中丞或六部尚書,即便是在任上因?yàn)檫^錯(cuò)被降職的提刑使、提刑副使也轉(zhuǎn)到地方擔(dān)任諸州刺史,由此可見在金代提刑使、提刑副使如在任上無重大過錯(cuò),一般會(huì)得到較好的去處。第三章金代按察使、按察副使的籍貫與仕履。金代有史可考的按察使、按察副使共39人,其中按察使19人,按察副使20人。籍貫分布大體與提刑司時(shí)期相同;入仕途徑則表現(xiàn)出較大不同,無論是女真族還是漢族按察使、按察副使,其入仕途徑基本上都是科舉考試,僅有移剌益、黃捆九住兩人是以蔭補(bǔ)入仕,徒單銘1人是以世襲入仕。按察使、按察副使多以平級(jí)或低一級(jí)的官吏遷入,且必需要有從事實(shí)職官員的歷練或是基層工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),工作能力突出,在任上成績顯著者。金代按察使、按察副使的轉(zhuǎn)出官職多以地方官為主,雖然從官品上看,多為平級(jí)調(diào)動(dòng),但轉(zhuǎn)出官多為諸路轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)使、節(jié)度使,可以充分發(fā)揮其在按察使(副)任上的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),更好地為金朝政府的地方管理與統(tǒng)治服務(wù)�？傊�,金代提刑司、按察司作為金代監(jiān)察體制的重要一環(huán),為金代加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán),穩(wěn)定地方統(tǒng)治,為金代政治環(huán)境穩(wěn)定提供了重要保障。
[Abstract]:The supervision system is an important guarantee for ensuring the normal operation of the state machine and maintaining the feudal ruling order. Therefore, the supervision system has been paid more attention to the rulers of the dynasties of the past dynasties. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the female true family has carried out the development and innovation that accords with its own characteristics on the basis of inheriting the Song system, and has a great influence on the supervision system of the later generations and Ming and Ming dynasties. In the local supervision, the Jin Dynasty provided the Criminal Investigation Division and the Inspection Division as its supervisory body at the local level, the establishment of the Criminal Investigation Division and the Supervision Division, which had a far-reaching impact on the political, economic, cultural and social life of the Jin Dynasty. In this paper, based on the research of the predecessor scholars, starting with the Criminal Investigation Division, according to the main service personnel of the Division, the author makes a study on the punishment and punishment, and makes a study on the functions of the officer, the place of origin and the shoes in order to gain an understanding of the whole picture of the officer of Jin Dynasty. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, Jin Dynasty Criminal Division, the setting and evolution of the inspection division. In the early period of Jin Dynasty, there was no supervisory organization at the local level, and the supervision of the government only sent supervisory officials from the Imperial Court to supervise or visit the local officials. In June of the same year, the Special Administrative Committee established the Criminal Investigation Division, whose main duties were to examine the facts and to raise the talents and conduct illegal actions. During the four-year (1199) years, the Criminal Division of the People's Republic of China has been appointed by the Supervision Division and the Vocational Officer, and the largest difference is reflected in the functions. After the reform, the Inspection Division no longer serves as an interview with the functions of high-quality performance, and the main office of the work shifts to the examination and punishment prison. The second chapter is to mention the punishment of Jin Dynasty to make the place of origin and shoes of the deputy to the punishment. According to the analysis of the place of origin and the way of entry, the author can see that the distribution of the origin is unbalanced, and it is superior in Yan Yun, Qilu, Hedong and so on. The cultural background is profound and the economically developed regions have more distribution. It can be divided into two categories: one is the imperial examinations, and the principal is the punishment of the Han nationality, and the other is the non-imperial examinations, such as the military work, the shadow compensation and the admission, and so on, mainly with the punishment of the women, and the deputy to the punishment. Whether the women's family or the Han nationality carries out the punishment, mention the punishment pair, enter the post of the post office, engage in some specific transactional work, such as the main book, county magistrate, etc. They will be promoted basically as they show prominent or no greater faults on either side. For the purpose of the punishment of Jin Dynasty, the Deputy Minister of the People's Republic of China sent out more local officials to give priority to the local officials; if he was transferred to the Central Officer, he was the commander of the Imperial Court or the sixth Shangshu, even if he was responsible for the punishment caused by the fault, he also transferred to the place to act as a state-taker of the state. It can be seen that in the Jin Dynasty the punishment made it impossible for the punishment pair to make no major fault in any way, and there will be a better place to go. In the third chapter, Jin Dynasty according to the inspection, according to the place of origin and the shoes of the deputy. Jindai had a history of examination, and according to the deputy, 39 people, among them 19 were examined, and 20 were brought together by observation. The place of origin distribution is generally the same as the time period of the People's Republic of China; the number of times of admission is relatively different, whether the female or the Han nationality according to the inspection, according to the deputy, the way of admission is basically the imperial examination, only have the Yi, the yellow bundle nine lives two people are in the shade to fill in, Acts 1: 1 is to be used as an official. "According to the inspection, it is necessary to move the people who are at the level or at the lower level according to the inspection assistant, and will need to have experience in practice or grass-root working experience in real-level officials, and have outstanding work ability, and have outstanding achievements in any work." In the Jin Dynasty, according to the inspection officer, the number of officials transferred out of the official position is mainly based on the local official, although it is seen from the official standard, more is level-level movement, but the transfer of the official to the various routes makes it possible to give full play to its working experience on the basis of inspection (vice), Better to manage and govern the government's local governance and rule. In short, Jin Dynasty's Criminal Division, as an important link of the supervision system of the Jin Dynasty, has provided an important guarantee for the stability of the political environment of Jin Dynasty for the purpose of strengthening the local rule and stabilizing local rule for the Jin Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K246.4
本文編號(hào)：2291807
[Abstract]:The supervision system is an important guarantee for ensuring the normal operation of the state machine and maintaining the feudal ruling order. Therefore, the supervision system has been paid more attention to the rulers of the dynasties of the past dynasties. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the female true family has carried out the development and innovation that accords with its own characteristics on the basis of inheriting the Song system, and has a great influence on the supervision system of the later generations and Ming and Ming dynasties. In the local supervision, the Jin Dynasty provided the Criminal Investigation Division and the Inspection Division as its supervisory body at the local level, the establishment of the Criminal Investigation Division and the Supervision Division, which had a far-reaching impact on the political, economic, cultural and social life of the Jin Dynasty. In this paper, based on the research of the predecessor scholars, starting with the Criminal Investigation Division, according to the main service personnel of the Division, the author makes a study on the punishment and punishment, and makes a study on the functions of the officer, the place of origin and the shoes in order to gain an understanding of the whole picture of the officer of Jin Dynasty. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, Jin Dynasty Criminal Division, the setting and evolution of the inspection division. In the early period of Jin Dynasty, there was no supervisory organization at the local level, and the supervision of the government only sent supervisory officials from the Imperial Court to supervise or visit the local officials. In June of the same year, the Special Administrative Committee established the Criminal Investigation Division, whose main duties were to examine the facts and to raise the talents and conduct illegal actions. During the four-year (1199) years, the Criminal Division of the People's Republic of China has been appointed by the Supervision Division and the Vocational Officer, and the largest difference is reflected in the functions. After the reform, the Inspection Division no longer serves as an interview with the functions of high-quality performance, and the main office of the work shifts to the examination and punishment prison. The second chapter is to mention the punishment of Jin Dynasty to make the place of origin and shoes of the deputy to the punishment. According to the analysis of the place of origin and the way of entry, the author can see that the distribution of the origin is unbalanced, and it is superior in Yan Yun, Qilu, Hedong and so on. The cultural background is profound and the economically developed regions have more distribution. It can be divided into two categories: one is the imperial examinations, and the principal is the punishment of the Han nationality, and the other is the non-imperial examinations, such as the military work, the shadow compensation and the admission, and so on, mainly with the punishment of the women, and the deputy to the punishment. Whether the women's family or the Han nationality carries out the punishment, mention the punishment pair, enter the post of the post office, engage in some specific transactional work, such as the main book, county magistrate, etc. They will be promoted basically as they show prominent or no greater faults on either side. For the purpose of the punishment of Jin Dynasty, the Deputy Minister of the People's Republic of China sent out more local officials to give priority to the local officials; if he was transferred to the Central Officer, he was the commander of the Imperial Court or the sixth Shangshu, even if he was responsible for the punishment caused by the fault, he also transferred to the place to act as a state-taker of the state. It can be seen that in the Jin Dynasty the punishment made it impossible for the punishment pair to make no major fault in any way, and there will be a better place to go. In the third chapter, Jin Dynasty according to the inspection, according to the place of origin and the shoes of the deputy. Jindai had a history of examination, and according to the deputy, 39 people, among them 19 were examined, and 20 were brought together by observation. The place of origin distribution is generally the same as the time period of the People's Republic of China; the number of times of admission is relatively different, whether the female or the Han nationality according to the inspection, according to the deputy, the way of admission is basically the imperial examination, only have the Yi, the yellow bundle nine lives two people are in the shade to fill in, Acts 1: 1 is to be used as an official. "According to the inspection, it is necessary to move the people who are at the level or at the lower level according to the inspection assistant, and will need to have experience in practice or grass-root working experience in real-level officials, and have outstanding work ability, and have outstanding achievements in any work." In the Jin Dynasty, according to the inspection officer, the number of officials transferred out of the official position is mainly based on the local official, although it is seen from the official standard, more is level-level movement, but the transfer of the official to the various routes makes it possible to give full play to its working experience on the basis of inspection (vice), Better to manage and govern the government's local governance and rule. In short, Jin Dynasty's Criminal Division, as an important link of the supervision system of the Jin Dynasty, has provided an important guarantee for the stability of the political environment of Jin Dynasty for the purpose of strengthening the local rule and stabilizing local rule for the Jin Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K246.4
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