清代直隸州縣災荒救助研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-08 10:49
【摘要】：州縣,是我國封建制度下各級行政單位中最小,也是最穩(wěn)定的基本單位,是中央關乎民生的行政政策的具體執(zhí)行者,也是與民眾聯(lián)系最為密切的行政單位。而災荒嚴重威脅著人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全,也阻礙著地方政府治理地方、發(fā)展地方,因此地方政府對災荒的救助與治理很是重視。直隸地區(qū)災荒的成因主要有兩種,一種是由戰(zhàn)亂等引起的人文災荒,一種是由水旱等災害所引起的自然災荒,本文主要指由自然災害所引起的災荒。本文以清代直隸州縣行政救荒為出發(fā)點,分四個方面進行了論述。首先主要論述了清代直隸州縣災荒救助的行政運作模式,通過直隸各州縣災荒救助運作的程序以及主要行政人員(如辦賑、查賑人員)的構成,從整體上分析直隸州縣官員災荒救助運作過程,為下文起到提綱挈領的作用。其次主要論述清代直隸各州縣官員在災害發(fā)生后對民眾進行的生活方面的救助措施,通過政府采取的平抑物價、發(fā)放米糧、物資,幫助災民建立住所等措施,保障了民眾生命安全,維護了社會的穩(wěn)定。再次主要論述了清代直隸州縣官員為擺脫災荒困境、恢復地方發(fā)展活力對民眾進行的生產(chǎn)救助措施,主要包括預防和治理自然災害、保護勞動力、保護生產(chǎn)工具、鼓勵生產(chǎn)等措施,為地方生產(chǎn)的恢復與發(fā)展提供物質(zhì)和政策保障,增加經(jīng)濟發(fā)展活力。最后通過對清代直隸州縣官員采取的除了生活、生產(chǎn)方面之外的其他救助措施的論述,如為穩(wěn)定地方秩序,如為避免人員的二次損害采取的醫(yī)療救助措施,為保障災時物資、社會穩(wěn)定等修復和重建公共設施,有助于家園的重建與社會的長治久安。本文試圖從這四個方面出發(fā),從整體上把握清代直隸州縣進行災荒救助的行政運作特點以及行政運作過程中的利與弊,分析清代直隸地方政府災荒救助行政運作的經(jīng)驗與教訓,為今日地方政府應對災荒或行政運作模式,提供一定的指導和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Prefectures and counties are the smallest and most stable administrative units in the feudal system of our country. They are the concrete executors of the central administrative policy concerning the people's livelihood and the administrative units most closely connected with the public. The famine seriously threatens the life and property safety of the people, and impedes the local government to govern and develop the local government, so the local government attaches great importance to the relief and management of the famine. There are two main causes of famine in Zhili, one is human famine caused by war, the other is natural famine caused by flood and drought, this paper mainly refers to the famine caused by natural disasters. Based on the administrative relief of Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses on four aspects. First of all, it mainly discusses the administrative mode of relief and relief in Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, the procedure of relief operation in Zhili county and the composition of main administrative personnel (such as relief personnel). From the overall analysis of Zhili County officials famine relief operation process, for the following outline of the role. Secondly, it mainly discusses the relief measures taken by officials of Zhili states and counties in the Qing Dynasty to help the people to live after the disaster, through the measures taken by the government to stabilize prices, distribute rice grains, materials, and help victims to build shelters, and so on. Has guaranteed the populace life safety, has maintained the social stability. Thirdly, the paper mainly discusses the measures of production assistance to the people by the officials of Zhili prefecture in order to get rid of the plight of famine and restore the vitality of local development in the Qing Dynasty, mainly including the prevention and control of natural disasters, the protection of labor force and the protection of production tools. To encourage production and other measures to provide material and policy support for the recovery and development of local production and increase the vitality of economic development. Finally, through the discussion of other relief measures taken by the officials of Zhili prefectures in the Qing Dynasty, in addition to life and production, for example, in order to stabilize local order, such as medical relief measures to avoid secondary damage to personnel, and to protect materials during disasters, Social stability and other repair and reconstruction of public facilities, contribute to the reconstruction of homes and social stability. From these four aspects, this paper tries to grasp the characteristics of the administrative operation and the advantages and disadvantages in the process of the relief of famine in Zhili County in the Qing Dynasty, and analyze the experience and lessons of the administration operation of the relief of famine in Zhili Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. It provides some guidance and reference for local government to deal with famine or administrative operation mode.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2256481
[Abstract]:Prefectures and counties are the smallest and most stable administrative units in the feudal system of our country. They are the concrete executors of the central administrative policy concerning the people's livelihood and the administrative units most closely connected with the public. The famine seriously threatens the life and property safety of the people, and impedes the local government to govern and develop the local government, so the local government attaches great importance to the relief and management of the famine. There are two main causes of famine in Zhili, one is human famine caused by war, the other is natural famine caused by flood and drought, this paper mainly refers to the famine caused by natural disasters. Based on the administrative relief of Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses on four aspects. First of all, it mainly discusses the administrative mode of relief and relief in Zhili county in Qing Dynasty, the procedure of relief operation in Zhili county and the composition of main administrative personnel (such as relief personnel). From the overall analysis of Zhili County officials famine relief operation process, for the following outline of the role. Secondly, it mainly discusses the relief measures taken by officials of Zhili states and counties in the Qing Dynasty to help the people to live after the disaster, through the measures taken by the government to stabilize prices, distribute rice grains, materials, and help victims to build shelters, and so on. Has guaranteed the populace life safety, has maintained the social stability. Thirdly, the paper mainly discusses the measures of production assistance to the people by the officials of Zhili prefecture in order to get rid of the plight of famine and restore the vitality of local development in the Qing Dynasty, mainly including the prevention and control of natural disasters, the protection of labor force and the protection of production tools. To encourage production and other measures to provide material and policy support for the recovery and development of local production and increase the vitality of economic development. Finally, through the discussion of other relief measures taken by the officials of Zhili prefectures in the Qing Dynasty, in addition to life and production, for example, in order to stabilize local order, such as medical relief measures to avoid secondary damage to personnel, and to protect materials during disasters, Social stability and other repair and reconstruction of public facilities, contribute to the reconstruction of homes and social stability. From these four aspects, this paper tries to grasp the characteristics of the administrative operation and the advantages and disadvantages in the process of the relief of famine in Zhili County in the Qing Dynasty, and analyze the experience and lessons of the administration operation of the relief of famine in Zhili Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. It provides some guidance and reference for local government to deal with famine or administrative operation mode.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
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