【摘要】：春秋時(shí)期社會(huì)政治格局變遷的總趨勢(shì)是公室政權(quán)由盛而衰,而私室由于自身實(shí)力的提高則逐漸秉持列國(guó)國(guó)政。從某種意義上而言,春秋卿族的盛衰已成為周代宗法封建政治體制變遷的歷史縮影。其中,晉國(guó)知氏卿族的興亡即為三百余年春秋社會(huì)政治變遷的典型個(gè)案。晉國(guó)自曲沃代翼始,經(jīng)多次翦滅公族,終使非公室貴族成為晉國(guó)政治舞臺(tái)的主角。隨著君權(quán)的衰落,非公室卿族勢(shì)力終成權(quán)勢(shì)赫然的強(qiáng)卿巨室,最后出現(xiàn)了三家分晉,致使晉國(guó)滅亡。知氏作為非公室卿族在此歷史進(jìn)程中異軍突起,在春秋中晚期晉國(guó)卿族政治中從小到大、由弱而強(qiáng),到知瑤之時(shí)已權(quán)傾晉國(guó),儼然為一諸侯。然而由于種種機(jī)緣,在知氏勢(shì)力發(fā)展至巔峰之時(shí),卻遭致滅族亡家之命運(yùn)。由此可見(jiàn),知氏卿族的興衰這一個(gè)案實(shí)蘊(yùn)含著極為豐富的社會(huì)政治寓意,在戰(zhàn)國(guó)以降史鑒意識(shí)勃興的背景下,歷代史家及史著甚至將其作為上古與中古政治體制轉(zhuǎn)型及歷史進(jìn)程的重要標(biāo)識(shí)。如先秦典籍《左傳》、《國(guó)語(yǔ)·晉語(yǔ)》皆以知氏滅亡作為相關(guān)撰述的結(jié)篇,秦漢以降如《資治通鑒》等文獻(xiàn)亦多以其作為開(kāi)篇,以作后人鑒戒。由此可見(jiàn),對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的探討顯具重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。 本文正是基于以上視角,對(duì)知氏興衰及其體現(xiàn)的相應(yīng)歷史時(shí)期的社會(huì)政治意涵進(jìn)行論述。全文除了引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,共分為四章。第一章,主要通過(guò)對(duì)知氏起源及世系問(wèn)題的探討,試圖還原知氏卿族的世系傳承。第二章,按照知氏世系順序概括了知氏不同世代家主的主要事跡。第三章,通過(guò)對(duì)知氏封邑及領(lǐng)地的考述,來(lái)窺視春秋知氏的強(qiáng)盛。第四章,通過(guò)對(duì)知氏不同世代家主所秉持治家原則的動(dòng)態(tài)分析,探討知氏何以興盛而終究滅亡的深層原因,以此展現(xiàn)知氏前幾代家主小則保族、大則強(qiáng)族的立族之道和末代家主知瑤亡家滅族之因。 綜上,通過(guò)對(duì)知氏卿族的梳理和考察,我們認(rèn)為,作為晉國(guó)卿族重要組成部分的知氏,其政治力量的崛起反映了晉國(guó)私室貴族取代公族政治的歷史進(jìn)程,隨著知氏治家原則的不斷變化,其卿族實(shí)力經(jīng)歷了由小而大、從弱到強(qiáng)的過(guò)程。但是由于知瑤個(gè)人原因,知氏七世卿族反而一朝被滅,進(jìn)而失去了與趙、魏、韓三家分晉的歷史命運(yùn)。要之,對(duì)春秋時(shí)期晉國(guó)卿族知氏的研究,不惟有助于春秋卿族知氏家族自身興衰榮辱的歷史復(fù)原,亦對(duì)以相關(guān)個(gè)案折射中國(guó)上古社會(huì)政治的變遷具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period, the general trend of the change of social and political pattern was the prosperity and decline of the public power, while the private room gradually adhered to the state affairs of the countries because of the improvement of its own strength. In a sense, the rise and fall of the Qing nationality in the Spring and Autumn period has become the historical epitome of the change of feudal political system of patriarchal clan in Zhou Dynasty. Among them, the rise and fall of Zhi Qing nationality in Jin is a typical case of social and political change in Spring and Autumn period for more than 300 years. Jin since Quwo on behalf of the wing, after many times to destroy the public, eventually making non-public room aristocrats to become the main role in the political arena of the State of Jin. With the decline of the monarchy, the non-public power of the Qing clan eventually became powerful and powerful, and finally appeared three families divided into Jin Dynasty, resulting in the extinction of Jin. Zhi, as a non-public member of the Qing nationality, rose suddenly in this historical process. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn period, the Qing nationality of Jin was from small to large, from weak to strong, and to the time of Zhiyao, he had already been in power in the State of Jin and was like a vassal. However, due to various opportunities, at the peak of the development of the power, but the fate of the annihilation of the family. Thus, it can be seen that the rise and fall of the Zhi-Shiqing clan contains a very rich social and political moral. In the background of the warring States period, the rise and fall of the sense of historical learning, Historians and historical works even regard it as an important symbol of the political system transformation and historical process in ancient and middle ancient times. For example, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu Jin language are related to the death of Zhi Shi as the conclusion, Qin and Han dynasties with such documents as "Zizhitong Jian" and other documents as the opening, in order to learn from the future generations. Thus, the discussion of related issues is of great academic value. Based on the above perspective, this paper discusses the rise and fall of Chih and its social and political implications in the corresponding historical period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the author tries to restore the lineage of the Zhi family by probing into the origin and lineage of the family. In the second chapter, the main deeds of the different generations of Chih are summarized according to the order of Chih's lineage. The third chapter, through the study of the Zhishi Fengyi and the territory, to peep into the Spring and Autumn Chih's power. In the fourth chapter, through the dynamic analysis of the principle of governing the family held by the different generations of Chih's family owners, the deep reasons why Zhishi flourished and eventually perished were discussed, so as to show that the early generations of Chih's family owners were small and protected. Dazeqiang's way of setting up the clan and the last master of the family know the cause of the death of the family. In summary, by combing and investigating the Zhi family, we think that as an important part of the Qing nationality of Jin, the rise of its political power reflects the historical process of replacing the public politics with the aristocracy in the private room of Jin. With the constant change of the principle of Zhi's rule, the Qing nationality's strength has experienced the process from small to big, from weak to strong. However, due to the personal reasons of Zhiyao, the Qing nationality of the seventh dynasty was destroyed, and then lost the historical fate of the three Jin families: Zhao, Wei and Han. To sum up, the study of the Qing nationality of Jin nationality in the Spring and Autumn period is not only helpful to the historical recovery of the rise and fall of the family, but also to the reflection of the changes of ancient Chinese society and politics with the relevant cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K225

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉玉斌;春秋晉國(guó)荀氏試探[D];蘇州大學(xué);2012年

2 武幸龍;晉國(guó)的宗族與政治[D];山西師范大學(xué);2013年

3 白艷芳;春秋晉國(guó)愪氏研究[D];山西師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2238484