【摘要】：本文以明代內(nèi)閣首輔申時行的政治行為模式為研究對象,依托政治心理學的人格理論和社會學的角色理論,在分析和甄別史料的基礎(chǔ)上,將申時行個人行為放置于后張居正時代的大背景下,對申時行的政治行為模式進行較為系統(tǒng)的整理和研究。本文從申時行的政治記錄入手,著重分析了申時行政治行為選擇的人格因素,進而揭示申時行政治困境及政治失敗的原因。申時行的政治行為模式主要表現(xiàn)為以下四個方面：“務為寬大之政”、“曲中調(diào)劑,救世匡維”,“恕道待人鼓勵誠信”、“事事務承帝意”。同嘉隆萬權(quán)相相比,申時行的為政方針是中庸而溫和的,作為繼張居正之后的萬歷首輔,他的生活環(huán)境,從政經(jīng)歷,政治使命和個人追求都多重而復雜的影響著他的為政之道,首先,從小寄人籬下的經(jīng)歷,使他具有強烈的自我保護意識,渴望權(quán)力與榮譽,因而處處小心謹慎,不輕易得罪他人；其次,張居正的前車之鑒令他心有余悸,出于安全和利益的考慮,他不得不采用更為寬和的行為模式；再次,張居正一案之后,神宗再也無法信任朝臣,他竭力發(fā)泄自己的權(quán)力欲,事事專斷,這直接導致了申時行政治上的謹小慎微；最后,受儒家傳統(tǒng)文化影響,申時行形成了自己獨特的為政理念。他恪守儒家文化所設計的諸如“誠”與“中庸”等君子人格道德規(guī)范,因而它的政治行為也體現(xiàn)了士大夫“兼濟天下”與“獨善其身”的價值追求。但是,由于申時行身兼士人和首輔的雙重政治角色,中庸和溫和的為政方針已不足以調(diào)和由于角色重疊而產(chǎn)生的角色沖突,最終導致了他政治困境,被迫離職,并受后人訾議。
[Abstract]:Based on the personality theory of political psychology and the role theory of sociology, this paper analyzes and discriminates the historical data based on the political behavior pattern of the first auxiliary time in the Ming Dynasty cabinet, which is based on the personality theory of political psychology and the role theory of sociology. Under the background of the post-Zhang Juzheng era, the author systematically collates and studies the political behavior pattern of Shen Shi Xing. This paper starts with the political record of Shenshi Bank, analyzes the personality factors of the political behavior choice of Shenshi Bank, and then reveals the political dilemma and the reasons of political failure. The modes of political behavior of Shen Shi are as follows: "Administration is lenient", "adjust in qu, save the world", "forgive and treat others to encourage honesty", "affairs to the emperor's will." Compared with Jia Longwan's power, Shen Shi's policy for government was moderate and moderate. As the first aid of Wanli after Zhang Juzheng, his living environment, political experience, political mission and personal pursuit all affected his policy path in a heavy and complex way. First, the experience of being dependent on others from a young age gave him a strong sense of self-protection, a yearning for power and honor, and he was careful and careful in not easily offending others. Secondly, Zhang Juzheng's forewarning left him in a state of dread. For the sake of security and interests, he had to adopt a more lenient pattern of conduct. Again, after the case of Zhang Juzheng, Shenzong could no longer trust his courtiers. He tried to vent his desire for power and everything was arbitrary. This directly led to the political prudence; finally, influenced by the Confucian traditional culture, Shen Shi Xing formed his own unique political concept. He adheres to the moral norms of gentleman's personality such as "sincerity" and "the mean" designed by Confucian culture, so his political behavior also embodies the value pursuit of "benefiting the world" and "being alone". However, due to the dual political role of Scholars and the first assistant, the moderate and moderate policy of governance is no longer sufficient to reconcile the role conflict caused by the overlapping of roles, resulting in his political predicament, forced to leave, and criticized by later generations.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K248

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本文編號：2196916