【摘要】：南宋立國江南,恃江為固,沿江防御是其國防的重中之重。南宋初年,宋金戰(zhàn)事不斷,沿江之地接連被兵。為保國祚,宋廷不斷加強沿江軍事布置,并依戰(zhàn)爭形勢和國力情況調(diào)整江防策略,使長江天險發(fā)揮了突出的防御作用。政權(quán)初立之時,為應(yīng)對金軍南下的威脅,南宋采取了多種方式和措施來加強沿江防御。宋廷積極推進江防建設(shè),置沿江帥府、要郡,組織水軍、戰(zhàn)船,任命江防官員。同時,沿江地方官組織土豪、民兵參與沿江守御,并在建炎三年防秋時設(shè)置官員總領(lǐng)江防。這些江防措置起到了一定的江防作用,加深了南宋對江防重要性的認識。但由于江防措施執(zhí)行不力、缺乏作戰(zhàn)信心等原因,南宋未能阻止金軍渡江南下。南宋初年,江防戰(zhàn)略數(shù)次變化,由“棄淮守江”到“守江控淮”、“守淮護江”,再到“棄淮守江”,經(jīng)歷了江南防江到江北防江再到江南防江的防御變動。由于江、淮表裹,長江北岸在兩淮境內(nèi),所以南宋江防戰(zhàn)略的變動主要圍繞江淮關(guān)系展開�？傮w來說,江防戰(zhàn)略由積極到消極的轉(zhuǎn)變。影響南宋江防戰(zhàn)略發(fā)生變化的因素很多,不同階段主導(dǎo)因素也多有差別,南宋軍事實力的變化、宋金關(guān)系演變、宋廷政爭都是其中較為關(guān)鍵的因素。隨著宋金議和的開展和達成,在宋高宗、秦檜避戰(zhàn)求和的國策下,南宋的主力軍隊由江北回歸江南,江防戰(zhàn)略趨于消極。為彌補沿江各地、各層面的防御不足,宋廷相繼設(shè)立沿江措置使、副,沿江防托等使職官員加強沿江防御,成為南宋江防的重要補充。專責(zé)江防使職官員的創(chuàng)設(shè)是南宋沿江防御的重要變化。南宋初年,該類官員的設(shè)置時間不長,江防作用也并不突出,但卻成為南宋中后期沿江制置使、副總攬江防的發(fā)端,對南宋江防體制的變化產(chǎn)生了一定影響�？傮w而言,南宋初年沿江防御有了很大發(fā)展,它強化了南宋對沿江地區(qū)的控制,有效阻遏了金軍南下的攻勢,使南宋政權(quán)得以在江南逐漸穩(wěn)定,成為南宋立國東南的重要原因。
[Abstract]:The Southern Song Dynasty built a country in the south of the Yangtze River, relying on the river as a solid, the defense along the river is the top priority of its national defense. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin wars continued, and the land along the Yangtze River was successively enlisted. In order to protect the country, the Song Dynasty constantly strengthened the military arrangement along the Yangtze River, and adjusted the strategy of river defense according to the situation of war and national strength, which made the sky danger of the Yangtze River play a prominent defensive role. At the beginning of the regime, in response to the threat of the Jin army going south, the Southern Song Dynasty adopted various ways and measures to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River. The Song government actively promoted the construction of river defense, set up marshals along the river, wanted counties, organized water troops, warships, and appointed Jiang defense officials. At the same time, the local officials along the river organized Tuhao, the militia took part in guarding the river, and set up the chief officer to guard against the river in the autumn of three years. These measures played a role in river defense and deepened the understanding of the importance of river defense in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the Southern Song Dynasty failed to prevent Jin Jun from crossing the river south due to the lack of enforcement and lack of combat confidence. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the strategy of river defense changed several times, from "abandoning the Huaihe River" to "guarding the Huaihe River", "guarding the Huaihe River", and then to "abandoning the Huai River", experiencing the defensive changes from the Jiangnan River to the North River and then to the South River. As the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, the north bank of the Yangtze River in the two Huaihe River, so the Southern Song River defense strategy changes mainly around the Jiang-Huai relations. On the whole, Jiang's defense strategy has changed from positive to negative. There are many factors that influence the change of the defense strategy of the Southern Song River, and the dominant factors are also different in different stages. The changes of the military strength of the Southern Song Dynasty, the evolution of the relationship between the Song and the Jin dynasties, and the political struggle of the Song Dynasty are all the more key factors. With the development and achievement of the peace between Song and Jin dynasties, under the national policy of Song Gao Zong and Qin Hui, the main troops of the Southern Song Dynasty returned from the north of the Yangtze River to the south of the Yangtze River, and the strategy of Jiang defense tended to be negative. In order to make up for the deficiency of defense in various levels along the Yangtze River, the Song Dynasty successively set up the post officials to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River and become an important supplement to the defense of the Southern Song River. The establishment of officials responsible for Jiang defense was an important change in the defense along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the setting up time of this kind of officials was not long, and the function of river defense was not prominent, but it became a system emissary along the river in the middle and late period of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the deputy general manager took charge of the river defense, which had a certain influence on the change of the defense system of the Southern Song River. In general, the defense along the Yangtze River in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty had a great development, which strengthened the control of the area along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty, effectively stopped the offensive of the Jin Army to the south, made the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty gradually stable in the south of the Yangtze River, and became an important reason for the establishment of the southeastern part of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K245

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