本文選題：元代 + 江南��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：有元一朝“富民”多為前朝存留下來的“漢人”、“南人”,他們擁有著雄厚的經(jīng)濟實力,并且憑借經(jīng)濟方面的優(yōu)勢,在鄉(xiāng)村社會中扮演著中間層、穩(wěn)定層和動力層角色,同時“富民”們想方設(shè)法將經(jīng)濟上的實力滲透到其他領(lǐng)域。其目的,首先,保護其私有財產(chǎn)；其次,保護或開拓其財產(chǎn)的占有渠道；再次,便是獲得在經(jīng)濟、政治、社會和文化等領(lǐng)域的滿足和認可,使得各方面均能達到和他們經(jīng)濟地位相匹配的層次。而憑武力囊括四海的元代政權(quán)建立者和守成者在依賴“富民”階層的同時,又通過四等人制度維系著蒙古血統(tǒng)的高貴,并企圖對經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域中崛起的“富民”馴若羔羊,這是行不通的。元代的“富民”便是在這種大背景下存在：他們遭遇了“四等人制度”,但仍一如既往地在民間基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和基層社會保障中擔(dān)任重要角色,尤其元代政府對地方官吏“五事”的考核上,“富民”更是起到了不可或缺的作用。由于元代統(tǒng)治階層財政方面支出無度、揮霍成習(xí),加上有元一朝災(zāi)害頻仍,其財政往往處于緊張狀態(tài),為緩解其壓力,統(tǒng)治階層便以“入粟拜官”等手段向民間集資,而這種一發(fā)而不可收的政策,成為元代嚴重阻塞的科舉入仕之外的另一條入宦之道。轉(zhuǎn)“學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕”為“富而優(yōu)則仕”,給更多“富民”提供了入仕的捷徑,在一定程度上滿足了“富民”階層長久以來對其政治地位的渴求。
[Abstract]:In the Yuan Dynasty, "rich people" were mostly "Han" and "southern" people who had survived from the previous dynasties. They had strong economic strength and, depending on their economic advantages, played the roles of middle, stable and dynamic layers in rural society. At the same time, "rich people" find ways to infiltrate economic power into other areas. Its purpose is, first, to protect its private property; secondly, to protect or open up channels of possession of its property; and, thirdly, to obtain satisfaction and recognition in the economic, political, social and cultural fields, So that all aspects can be reached with their economic status to match the level. While relying on the "rich people" class, the founding and adherents of the Yuan Dynasty regime by force maintained the nobility of Mongolian ancestry, and attempted to train the rising "rich people" in the economic field as lambs. This is not going to work. The "rich people" of the Yuan Dynasty existed against this background: they encountered the "fourth-class system", but as always played an important role in the construction of civil infrastructure and social security at the grass-roots level. Especially in Yuan Dynasty, the "five things" assessment of local officials, "rich people" has played an indispensable role. Because of the excessive expenditure and profligacy of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty and the frequent disasters in the Yuan Dynasty, their finances were often in a state of stress. In order to alleviate the pressure, the ruling class raised funds from the people by means of "worshiping officials" and other means. But this kind of policy which can not be accepted has become another way of entering the official government besides the imperial examination seriously blocked in Yuan Dynasty. To a certain extent, it has satisfied the desire of the rich people for their political status.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K247

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