本文選題：宋代 + 地方��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：宋代有兩級(jí)地方監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)：路級(jí)和州級(jí)。路級(jí)的監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)有：轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)司、提點(diǎn)刑獄司、提舉常平司和走馬承受。宋初，因軍事需要而設(shè)立轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)使，太宗以后其職權(quán)不斷擴(kuò)大。淳化二年，統(tǒng)治者為了分化轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)使的權(quán)力設(shè)置提點(diǎn)刑獄司。提舉常平司設(shè)置于王安石變法時(shí)期，與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、提點(diǎn)二司分管諸路財(cái)政，，并監(jiān)察地方官吏。走馬承受實(shí)乃皇帝安排在地方的耳目，負(fù)責(zé)密察地方官的舉動(dòng)。通判廳是宋州一級(jí)的監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)，始置于乾德元年，主要負(fù)責(zé)州級(jí)監(jiān)察事務(wù)。 宋各監(jiān)司之間互不統(tǒng)屬，職權(quán)互有交叉，但主次分明，形成了錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。這在一定程度上對(duì)地方行政的運(yùn)行和國(guó)家統(tǒng)治的穩(wěn)定，起到了積極作用。但是，監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)過(guò)多所造成的混亂，又給監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)造成一定的困難。 在宋地方監(jiān)察制度中，各級(jí)監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)都要受到嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)察，形成了縱橫交錯(cuò)的監(jiān)察網(wǎng)。其在消除地方割據(jù)、緩和社會(huì)矛盾、穩(wěn)定地方統(tǒng)治等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，也對(duì)后世產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。但是，官員互兼、職權(quán)分散、行政效率低、腐敗日益嚴(yán)重，最終導(dǎo)致宋王朝走向滅亡。
[Abstract]:There were two levels of local supervision in the Song Dynasty: road level and state level. Road-level supervision agencies are: the Department of Transportation, put forward the Department of Prisons, the Department of ordinary Ping and horse bearing. In the early Song Dynasty, transshipment was established because of military needs, and the powers of Taizong continued to expand. Chunhua two years, rulers in order to divide the transfer of power to set up a prison department. Changping Division was set up in the Wang Anshi reform period, and transshipment, the second division in charge of the various roads and finance, and the supervision of local officials. It was the emperor's eyes and ears arranged by the emperor to observe the actions of the local officials. The general contracting department is a state-level supervisory agency, which was placed in the year of the Qiande Yuan Dynasty and was mainly responsible for state-level supervision. In Song Dynasty, there was no unity of authority and authority, but the main and secondary were distinct, forming a complicated relationship. To a certain extent, this has played a positive role in the operation of local administration and the stability of state rule. However, the confusion caused by the excessive number of supervisory organizations makes it difficult for them to run normally. In the local supervision system of Song Dynasty, all levels of supervision institutions must be closely monitored, forming a crisscross supervision network. It has played an important role in eliminating local segregation, easing social contradictions and stabilizing local rule, and has had a profound impact on later generations. However, the officials were divided, the administrative efficiency was low, and the corruption became more and more serious, which led to the death of the Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929

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