本文選題：宋代 + 宣徽院�。� 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：宣徽院最初為中國古代總管宮廷內(nèi)務(wù)之機構(gòu)，唐中后期始置，五代、北宋沿襲，其職權(quán)日益外廷化，神宗元豐改制后廢罷，哲宗時期宣徽使名曾短暫復(fù)置，紹圣三年復(fù)廢，終宋之世再無設(shè)置。遼、西夏、金、元諸朝均有宣徽院之設(shè)，權(quán)勢頗重。明、清宣徽院曇花一現(xiàn)，置而旋罷。 宋代宣徽院存在的120余年間，機構(gòu)設(shè)置完備，分南北兩院，下設(shè)兵、騎、倉、胄四案。主官為宣徽南院使和宣徽北院使，屬官、吏人包括提點樞密宣徽院諸房公事、勾押官、知客等。宋代宣徽使姓名可考者共計44名。宣徽使“居執(zhí)政之次”，多以勛德重臣充任，地位尊崇，常與樞密院貳官互兼，宣徽使或出領(lǐng)外鎮(zhèn)，或本院供職，但其并非加官，實際權(quán)力介于半實半虛之間。 宣徽院的職能主要有：總領(lǐng)內(nèi)諸司，掌諸司三班內(nèi)侍之名籍，禮賓贊引、通喚宣答，監(jiān)察鞫劾，銓選低級武臣，主管京城部分繕修工程，，討論國政事宜，管理進貢物品，編修本院條例及其它臨時性事務(wù)。 宋代宣徽院雖遠不如唐、五代、遼、金、元諸朝代職權(quán)龐大，但亦絕不是“無所職掌”的閑散機構(gòu)�！翱傤I(lǐng)內(nèi)諸司”雖言過其實，但亦有蹤跡可循。宣徽使位高職顯，多承擔(dān)出領(lǐng)外鎮(zhèn)或臨時性軍事職能，重要場合的禮賓贊引、通喚宣答等，管轄范圍甚為龐雜。 宋代宣徽院衰落和廢罷的原因主要有：一、五代后周以來宣徽院外廷化的發(fā)展趨勢；二、“崇文抑武”國策的影響；三、加強中央集權(quán)，強化皇權(quán)的需要；四、衙署位置和名實不符的矛盾；五、自身職權(quán)的不明確；六、官制改革的影響。 縱觀中國古代宣徽院制度的發(fā)展歷史，宣徽院由最初的內(nèi)廷宦官機構(gòu)，發(fā)展為外廷重要的中央政府機構(gòu)。與宋代宣徽院的衰落不同，宣徽院制度在遼、西夏、金、元等民族政權(quán)中生根發(fā)芽，呈現(xiàn)出蓬勃發(fā)展之勢。金元時期是宣徽院制度的輝煌時期。在對唐、五代、遼、宋、西夏、金、元諸政權(quán)宣徽院的縱橫對比中，觀察得出“外重內(nèi)輕”和“同源殊途”兩種政治現(xiàn)象。這些對于探索中國古代政治制度變遷而言，有著重要的思考價值。
[Abstract]:The Xuanhuiyuan was originally the institution of the internal affairs of the court in ancient China. It was first set up in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, followed by the five dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. Its functions and powers were increasingly externalized. After the reform of Shenzong's Yuanfeng system, it was scrapped. During the period of Zhe Zong, the name of the Xuanhui emblem was briefly reinstalled, and Shaosheng was reinstated for three years. The end of the Song Dynasty no longer set. Liao, Xixia, Jin, Yuan dynasties all have Xuanhuiyuan, powerful quite heavy. Ming, Qing Dynasty Xuanhuiyuan a flash in the pan, home and spin it. Xuanhui Yuan in the Song Dynasty existed for more than 120 years, the organization was completely set up, divided into two chambers of the North and South, under the military, riding, Cang, Zhou four cases. The chief official is the ambassador of Xuanhuinan Yuan and the envoy of Xuanhuibei Yuan, belonging to the officials and officials, including the official affairs of the houses of the Xuanan Yuan, the officials of the arraignment, the officials of knowing the guest, and so on. The Song Dynasty Xuanhui so that the name can be tested a total of 44. Xuanhui makes "the second in power", mostly with honours and virtues as important officials and respected status, and often interacts with other officials of the Privy Council. The declaration of emblem is either out of town or in this Council, but it is not an additional official, but the actual power is between half solid and half empty. The main functions of the Xuanhui Institute are as follows: the departments in charge of the posts, the names of the officials in charge of the three classes, the concierge admonition, the public call and reply, the supervision and impeachment, the election of lower military ministers in the Civil Service, the charge of the repair works in some parts of the capital, the discussion of state affairs, and the management of the tribute items. Compile regulations and other temporary matters. Although the Yuan of Xuanhui in the Song Dynasty was far less powerful than the Tang, five dynasties, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, it was by no means a idle organization without a job. Although the Chief executives are exaggerating, there is also a trail to follow. Xuanhui makes it clear that it has many military functions outside its territory or temporary military functions. The concierge of important occasions is cited, and its jurisdiction is very complicated. The main reasons for the decline and abolishment of the Xuanhui Institute in the Song Dynasty are as follows: first, the development trend of the outer court of the Xuanhui Academy since the five dynasties; second, the influence of the national policy of "worshipping literature and suppressing military force"; third, the need to strengthen the centralization of power and the strengthening of imperial power; and fourthly, The contradiction between the position of the Yazhou and the name and reality; fifthly, the ambiguity of its own authority; sixth, the influence of the reform of the official system. Throughout the history of ancient China's Xuanhuiyuan system, Xuanhuiyuan developed from the original eunuch institution of the Inner Court to an important central government institution. Different from the decline of Xuanhui Institute in Song Dynasty, Xuanhui Institute system took root and sprouted in Liao, Xixia, Jin, Yuan and other ethnic regimes, showing a trend of vigorous development. Jin Yuan Dynasty was the glorious period of Xuanhuiyuan system. In the comparison between Tang, five dynasties, Liao, Song, Xixia, Jin and Yuan dynasties, two political phenomena were observed. These have important thinking value for exploring the changes of ancient Chinese political system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K244

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本文編號：1946884