本文選題：土地制度 + 李椿年��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地是中國(guó)古代最重要的生產(chǎn)資料，土地所有制經(jīng)歷了從“普天之下，，莫非王土”的國(guó)家所有到私人占有的變化。宋朝建立以來(lái)，土地制度和政策經(jīng)歷了幾個(gè)階段，分別是：太祖時(shí)期的“不抑兼并”、真宗、仁宗時(shí)期的“限田”、神宗時(shí)期王安石的“方田法”、南宋“經(jīng)界法”，最后是賈似道的“公田法”這樣幾個(gè)階段，每一時(shí)期的土地制度和政策的實(shí)施都反映了土地占有關(guān)系自身演變的規(guī)律和統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)干預(yù)土地占有的企圖。本文將對(duì)南宋時(shí)實(shí)施的“經(jīng)界法”狀況及其影響進(jìn)行考察和研究。南宋政府為保證國(guó)家賦稅收入，采用了李椿年的“經(jīng)界”措施，南宋的經(jīng)界法是北宋時(shí)期“田制不立”、“限田”、“方田法”的延續(xù)，它們之間有著相承的關(guān)系。 南宋斷斷續(xù)續(xù)幾番起落實(shí)施的經(jīng)界法，其過(guò)程頗為曲折。其理論依據(jù)是孟子所說(shuō)的一句話“夫仁政必自經(jīng)界始，經(jīng)界不正，井地不均，谷祿不平”。高宗在位，經(jīng)界法在紹興十三年（1143年）正式開(kāi)始實(shí)施，到紹興十九年（1149年）基本結(jié)束。在此以后，朱熹在福建南部的汀、漳一帶實(shí)施，宋寧宗嘉定時(shí)，婺州也實(shí)施過(guò)經(jīng)界法，而到宋理宗時(shí)又重拾此法，但是這些實(shí)施都沒(méi)有取得李椿年所主持的第一次經(jīng)界法那樣的顯著效果。經(jīng)界法旨在通過(guò)對(duì)土地的清丈，明晰土地產(chǎn)權(quán)，糾正隱田漏稅的弊端，進(jìn)而增加政府的財(cái)政收入，使“民有定產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)有定稅，稅有定籍”。通過(guò)實(shí)施經(jīng)界法查出大量田畝，增加了政府的財(cái)政收入，此外經(jīng)界法的實(shí)施對(duì)元明清時(shí)期土地制度的影響也頗為深遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:Land is the most important means of production in ancient China. The ownership of land has changed from the state ownership to private ownership. Since the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the land system and policy have gone through several stages. They are: "not restraining annexation" in Taizu period, "restricting farmland" in Ren Zong period, "Fangtian method" in Shenzong period, and "Classical Law" in Southern Song Dynasty. Finally, there are several stages of Jia Daoo's "Public farmland Law". The implementation of land system and policy in each period reflects the law of the evolution of the land tenure relationship and the attempt of the ruling group to intervene in the land tenure. This paper will investigate and study the status and influence of the "law of the boundary" implemented in the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to ensure the tax revenue of the state, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty adopted Li Chun-nian 's measures of "the economic boundary". The law of the Southern Song Dynasty was the continuation of "no land system", "limited field" and "square field law" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there was a relationship between them. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the law of the boundary was implemented intermittently and intermittently, and the process was rather tortuous. Its theoretical basis is Mencius said, "husband benevolence must be from the beginning of the Meridian boundary, wrong, uneven well, Gulu uneven." Gao Zong was in power, and the law began to be implemented in Shaoxing in 13 years (1143), and basically ended in 19 years (1149) in Shaoxing. Since then, Zhu Xi has been implemented in the areas of Ting and Zhang in southern Fujian. When Song Ningzong was in Jiading, Wuzhou also implemented the law of the meridian boundary, and by the time of Song Lizong, the law was picked up again. However, none of these practices has achieved the remarkable effect of Li Chun-nien 's first meridian method. The purpose of the law is to clear the land property right, correct the drawback of hidden land tax evasion, and then increase the government's financial revenue, so that "people have fixed property, property has fixed tax, tax has fixed register". Through the implementation of the law, a large number of acres of land were found, which increased the government's financial revenue. In addition, the implementation of the law also had a profound impact on the land system during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K245;F329

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