發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-19 04:13

  本文選題：京債 + 官債　； 參考：《清史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：京債,又名官債,在中國歷史上主要指官員在京城所借的高利貸。官員借貸京債現(xiàn)象在清代尤為嚴(yán)重,從而引起了朝野的廣泛關(guān)注。雖自順治朝即頒布法令嚴(yán)禁,但除了乾隆朝一度出臺(tái)的收效甚微的預(yù)借養(yǎng)廉銀政策外,有清一朝并無其他解決措施。清廷接二連三的禁令,正是京債泛濫與失控的映射。清代京債的年利率以100%以上為常態(tài),利息高達(dá)本金數(shù)倍者亦不在少數(shù)。雖然研究者認(rèn)為清代普通高利貸資本的利率有一個(gè)逐漸降低的過程,但京債的利率并未顯著降低,這正突出了京債的獨(dú)特性。債官外任,迫于超高利息的債務(wù),不挪用公帑,則g削民脂,更有帶同債主赴任管事而伙同為奸者,由此造成了地方吏治的腐敗。
[Abstract]:Beijing debt, also known as official debt, in the history of China, mainly refers to officials in the capital loan sharks. The phenomenon of official loans and loans in Beijing was especially serious in the Qing Dynasty, which caused widespread concern of the government and the opposition. Although the Shunzhi dynasty promulgated a decree prohibiting it, there were no other measures to solve the problem in the Qing Dynasty, except for the policy of pre-borrowing and raising cheap silver that had little effect in Qianlong Dynasty. The Qing government ban after another, is the Beijing debt overflowing and out of control mapping. In the Qing Dynasty, the annual interest rate of Beijing bonds was more than 100%, and the interest rate was several times the principal. Although the researchers think that the interest rate of common usury capital in Qing Dynasty has a process of decreasing gradually, but the interest rate of Beijing bond has not been significantly reduced, which highlights the uniqueness of Beijing debt. If a debt official is appointed outside of the government and is forced by the debt of super high interest and does not misappropriate public funds, then he will cut off the people's fat, and he will take the creditors to his post and become a traitors, resulting in corruption in the local administration.
【作者單位】： 中國人民大學(xué)清史研究所;
【基金】：國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“盛京城考古與清代歷史文化研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào)14ZDB038)階段成果
【分類號(hào)】：K249

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