本文選題：屯田 + 屯糧�。� 參考：《史林》2017年02期

【摘要】：由于屯、民田地所有制度的區(qū)別,明清兩代屯、民田賦科則也各有不同。然而,明崇禎二年,清順治七年,清康熙、乾隆年間,屢次出現(xiàn)"屯田照民田起科"的政令。這一系列政令雖然與衛(wèi)所制度破壞、屯田歸并州縣管理的趨勢相吻合,但歷次調(diào)整屯田科則的具體目的、調(diào)整范圍各有不同。明末清初時的"屯田照民田起科",是增加部分屯田的科則,以達(dá)到民田科則的水準(zhǔn);清康熙以后、尤其是乾隆初年的"屯田照民田起科",才是減輕屯田科則,以期平均屯、民田賦負(fù)擔(dān)。明后期至清前期屯、民田賦科則的趨近,主要源自明清之際民田科則的大幅增長,清乾隆以前減輕的屯田田賦甚為有限。
[Abstract]:Due to the differences of all systems between the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ming and Qing dynasties were different. However, Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Shunzhi seven years, Kangxi, Qianlong years, repeated "Tuantian according to the civil field from the Department" decree. Although this series of decrees is consistent with the trend of the management of the state and county, but the specific purpose and the scope of the adjustment are different from each other. At the end of the Ming and the early Qing dynasties, the "Tungtian Section" was to increase some of the Tutian Family rules in order to reach the level of the Civil Field Doctrine. After the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, especially in the early years of Qianlong, the "Tun Tian Qi Ki" was the only way to lighten the Tun Tian Family, with a view to averaging Tuen Mun. The burden of land tax. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the approach of the Mintian tax was mainly derived from the substantial increase of the Mintian tax in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the reduction of the farmland tax before Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty was very limited.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)國家發(fā)展研究院;
【分類號】：K248

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