本文選題：郡縣制 + 擴(kuò)展��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：探討郡縣制的擴(kuò)展過(guò)程,對(duì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)“歷史上的中國(guó)”和“歷史上中國(guó)的疆域”這一宏觀命題具有重要的意義。本文正是在此命題下,以“郡縣制的擴(kuò)展”為視角,選取清康雍乾時(shí)期嘉峪關(guān)以西至烏魯木齊地區(qū)的郡縣制擴(kuò)展情況進(jìn)行了具體分析。 在實(shí)證分析中,面對(duì)不同文獻(xiàn)記載不一的狀況,筆者不僅通過(guò)對(duì)檔案、政書、地方志中關(guān)于行政區(qū)劃沿革資料進(jìn)行具體考證而得出一張盡可能精確的本區(qū)域郡縣制擴(kuò)展的時(shí)間表。同時(shí)也基本梳理清楚了本地區(qū)郡縣制擴(kuò)展的脈絡(luò)。正是在梳理的過(guò)程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)家政治進(jìn)程、移民及邊疆開發(fā)是影響郡縣制向邊疆地區(qū)擴(kuò)展的主要因素。為了西北地區(qū)的安全,清政府進(jìn)行了平準(zhǔn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和平回戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)糧食的重大需求刺激了嘉峪關(guān)以西地區(qū)屯墾的興起,而屯墾的的勞動(dòng)力除綠營(yíng)之外,主要就是來(lái)自陜甘地區(qū)的移民。為了管理關(guān)西地區(qū)的民眾事務(wù),清政府又先后設(shè)置了靖逆衛(wèi)、安西衛(wèi)等民政管理機(jī)構(gòu),直至設(shè)置了安西兵備道,在關(guān)西地區(qū)形成了關(guān)西五衛(wèi)的格局。由于在此過(guò)程中,衛(wèi)所等民政管理系統(tǒng)始終從屬于軍事駐防體系,所以本區(qū)各級(jí)民政管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置的具體地點(diǎn)取決于某地軍事價(jià)值的高低,并隨軍事機(jī)構(gòu)駐扎地點(diǎn)的遷移而遷移。 而戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,西域被整體納入到了清政府統(tǒng)治之下,開發(fā)西域也因此成為清政府的題中之義。在清廷宏觀制定了西域地區(qū)的行政管理體系之后,先是綠營(yíng)兵,后是陜甘移民成為西域開發(fā)的主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力。烏魯木齊、巴里坤綠營(yíng)的屯墾不僅對(duì)西域地區(qū)進(jìn)行了初步的開發(fā),而且其屯墾的范圍還基本上確定了移民的范圍和以后迪化州、鎮(zhèn)西府的管轄范圍。伴隨著移民的涌入和區(qū)域開發(fā),新疆東部地區(qū)逐步脫離安西地區(qū),而相對(duì)獨(dú)立出來(lái)。為管理民眾事務(wù),郡縣制度也隨之而于新疆東部地區(qū)建立了起來(lái),并最終在新疆東部地區(qū)成立了鎮(zhèn)迪道。 總之,從總體上看,在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,國(guó)家的政治進(jìn)程對(duì)本區(qū)郡縣制的擴(kuò)展具有決定性的影響；而進(jìn)入到了和平時(shí)期,移民和區(qū)域開發(fā)則成為了郡縣制擴(kuò)展的主導(dǎo)力量。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance for us to understand the macro proposition of "China in history" and "the territory of China in history". Under this proposition, from the perspective of "the expansion of county system", this paper analyzes the expansion of county system from west of Jiayuguan to Urumqi area in Qing Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties. In the empirical analysis, in the face of different literature records, the author not only through the archives, political books, The history of administrative divisions in the local chronicles of the specific textual research to arrive at as accurate as possible the expansion of the regional county system schedule. At the same time, the basic combing of the regional county system expansion of the context. It is in the process of combing that the author finds that the national political process, immigration and frontier development are the main factors that affect the expansion of county system to frontier areas. For the security of Northwest China, the Qing government carried out a peaceful war and returned to the war. The great demand for grain in the war stimulated the rise of reclamation to the west of Jiayuguan, and the labor force of reclaimed land was mainly immigrants from Shaanxi-Gansu region except Green Camp. In order to manage the people's affairs in Kansai area, the Qing government successively set up civil administration organizations such as Jing Nwei, Anxi Wei and so on, until they set up Anxi military reserve road, and formed the pattern of Kansai five Wei in the Kansai area. In the process, civil administration systems such as the Health Institute have always been subordinate to the military garrison system, so the specific location set up by the civil administration agencies at all levels in the district depends on the military value of a certain region. And move along with the relocation of military establishments. After the war, the Western region was brought under the rule of the Qing government, and the development of the Western region became the meaning of the Qing government. After the Qing government formulated the administrative system of the Western region, first the green soldiers, then the Shaanxi and Gansu immigrants became the main labor force in the western region. The reclamation of Urumqi and Barricun Green Camp not only made preliminary development in the Western region, but also basically determined the scope of emigration and the jurisdiction of Dihua Prefecture and Town West House in the future. With the influx of immigrants and regional development, the eastern region of Xinjiang gradually separated from the Anxi region, but relatively independent. In order to manage the people's affairs, the county system was established in the eastern part of Xinjiang, and finally the Zhendi Road was set up in the eastern part of Xinjiang. In general, during the war, the political process of the country had a decisive influence on the expansion of the prefectural system in the region, and when it came to peace, immigration and regional development became the leading force in the expansion of the county system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K249;D691

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