本文選題：姚碧 + 汪志伊　； 參考：《安徽大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：清朝是中國傳統(tǒng)荒政發(fā)展的最完備時期,大量荒政文獻記載了諸多救荒之策和荒政舉措。乾嘉時期,姚碧和汪志伊分別著述的《荒政輯要》(文中分別簡稱”姚著”和”汪著”)是其中重要的兩部,對二者進行比較分析,有著極其重要的研究價值。 兩部《荒政輯要》都是在康乾以來經(jīng)世致用之風影響下,本著佐政治世、為民除害的精神著述而成,也與兩位作者親身經(jīng)歷并實施荒政有密切關系,所以,書中匯集了諸多荒政舉措和實踐經(jīng)驗,并蘊涵著豐富的荒政思想。 從比較二者版本和內(nèi)容看,汪著版本遠多于姚著版本,且流傳較廣,姚著僅知兩種版本,且局限于江浙地區(qū)。從內(nèi)容上看,二者都從荒政各環(huán)節(jié)經(jīng)驗、方法和利弊等方面展開說明和分析,共同的關注點很多,但二者的突出共點是：注意對社會特殊群體的救助。具體在寫作角度上有不同,汪著偏重于”宏觀”把握和掌控,姚著偏重于“微觀”考察和分析。 汪著寫作縱橫占今,旁征博引各荒政事例和成說,扶植小民持續(xù)的抗災力,強調(diào)荒政人才的重要作用和社會和諧發(fā)展；姚著偏重于具體荒政實務分析和問題解決,強調(diào)”治本”重要性,根本性防止或者杜絕災害發(fā)生,特別突出的是記載了浙江省一些荒政特例和浙江水系治理及利用等地方荒政事項。 從二者價值比較分析,汪著保存了比較完整的《戶部則例》部分內(nèi)容,以及歷代名臣、荒政專家的荒政舉措和經(jīng)驗；姚著則保存了較多雍乾時期有關荒政諭旨、定例、條例和臣工章奏,以及相應地方的荒政事例,所以,史料價值突出；同時,思想價值也很明顯。二者所蘊含的民本思想、人才思想、通變思想、創(chuàng)新思想,以及為官盡責、防微杜漸的為政理念和居安思危、防患未然的憂患意識,反映了清前期官僚士大夫及知識分子對荒政的認知水平； 出于受經(jīng)世致用之風影響,兩部《荒政輯要》都積極地發(fā)揮著實用價值,強調(diào)細致而具體地做好荒政每一項工作,切實而行,讓小民均沾實惠；提倡并勸諭民間救助,但應該順民情而行政；嚴申法紀,防人害甚于防天災；愛惜民力,扶植生產(chǎn),注重災后重建和生產(chǎn)能力恢復等。所以,兩部《荒政輯要》不僅在清朝減災救災等荒政活動中發(fā)揮了重要作用,還對今天學術研究具有重要價值。 當然,兩部《荒政輯要》也有不足的地方,由于受認知水平局限,書中內(nèi)容都不同程度地充斥著唯心神怪思想,對自然災害成因沒有作科學探討,特別是汪著的唯心思想更加濃郁一些,所以,不可能找到自然災害發(fā)生的真正原因。但其所宣揚的“天人感應”思想,卻起到了促使人們維護自然和諧,主動實施“仁政”的客觀效果。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty is the most complete period of China ' s traditional wilderness development , and a great deal of wilderness literature records many kinds of famine policy and wasteland action . During the period of Qijia period , Yao Bi and Wang Zhiyi ' s writings are the important two parts , which are of great significance to the comparative analysis of both .

The two parts of this paper , which are written in the spirit of the political world , have a close relationship with the two authors ' own experiences and have close relations with their own experiences , have brought together a great deal of wilderness and practical experiences , and contain rich ideas on the wilderness .

From the comparison of the two versions and contents , Wang author is far more than Yao ' s version , and is widely spread , Yao writes only two versions , and is confined to the area of Zhejiang and Zhejiang .

Wang author ' s writing aspect accounts for the present and the side recruitment of various waste management examples and Cheng said , to foster the sustainable disaster resilience of the small people , emphasize the important role of the desert and the harmonious development of the society ;
Mr . Yao focused on the practical analysis and the problem solving of the concrete wasteland , emphasized the importance of " governing the constitution " , basically prevented or prevented the occurrence of the disaster , and especially pointed out that some special cases of waste administration in Zhejiang Province and the management and utilization of water system in Zhejiang Province were recorded .

From the comparative analysis of the two values , Wang author held a comparison of the contents of the regular part of the regular census register , as well as the absurd initiatives and experiences of the famous ministers and the wilderness experts .
Mr . Yao has held more dry periods related to the decrees , decrees , regulations and ministerial rules , as well as the absurd cases in the corresponding places , so the value of historical materials is outstanding ;
At the same time , the thought value is also obvious . Both the people - oriented thought , the talent thought , the thought of change , the thought of innovation , and the government ' s due diligence , the anti - calculus , the thought of the government and the security thinking , the prevention of the unexpected sad consciousness , reflected the pre - Qing bureaucratic scholar and the intellectual ' s cognition level to the wilderness ;


in that light of the wind influence by the world , both parts of the desert and the desert have played a positive role in the practical value , and emphasize the careful and concrete implementation of each work of the wilderness , which is effective and practical , so that all the people are affordable ;
Promotion and persuasion of civil aid , but should be administered in accordance with the people ' s feelings ;
Yan Shen Juris , the anti - human being more than the disaster prevention ;
Therefore , it is important for the academic research of the two departments not only to play an important role in the waste management activities such as disaster relief , disaster relief and disaster relief , but also to the academic research today .

Of course , there are not enough places in the two parts , because of the limitation of cognitive level , the content of the book is filled with the idea of idealism , so it is not possible to find the real cause of natural disasters . However , it is not possible to find the real cause of natural disasters . However , it has played a role in promoting the maintenance of natural harmony and actively pursuing " benevolence " .

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K249

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