本文選題：唐代 + 軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：古今中外,軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律作為軍隊(duì)維護(hù)軍人風(fēng)氣、保護(hù)軍隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)斗力的重要制度,對(duì)人類的軍事活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。有唐一代近三百年時(shí)間,國家實(shí)力由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰,軍事領(lǐng)域隨之歷經(jīng)變遷。軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律作為軍事活動(dòng)中重要的組成部分,其發(fā)展迭興,是唐代國家及其軍隊(duì)在微觀上變化的真實(shí)寫照。其維護(hù)執(zhí)行,也是律令制國家在軍隊(duì)中控制力強(qiáng)弱變化的真實(shí)體現(xiàn)。另外,在軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部,將兵人身依附關(guān)系不斷變化。因此,研究唐代軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律問題,有助于我們從微觀上理解唐代后期所產(chǎn)生的許多問題：軍亂、宦官監(jiān)軍、軍賞、將帥職業(yè)素質(zhì)變化等問題。以軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律為契點(diǎn),可以串聯(lián)唐代軍事領(lǐng)域的各個(gè)方面,為我們揭示和恢復(fù)唐代軍隊(duì)風(fēng)貌提供依據(jù)。 軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律是一個(gè)復(fù)雜問題,學(xué)術(shù)界著述頗豐。本文試圖就學(xué)術(shù)界有所爭(zhēng)論或尚未深入的部分：如唐代軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律內(nèi)容及其執(zhí)行、唐代后期軍紀(jì)所產(chǎn)生的新特征及其影響、以及與軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律相關(guān)的問題等方面展開研究。在廣泛收集史料的基礎(chǔ)上,采取歸納總結(jié)與分析相結(jié)合的方法,以安史之亂為分水嶺,考察軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律發(fā)展演化的特點(diǎn)。 本文分為個(gè)三部分進(jìn)行論述,其具體情況如下： 第一部分,唐代前期的軍紀(jì)及其相關(guān)內(nèi)容。論述唐代前期軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律的內(nèi)容及其運(yùn)用,同時(shí)將法典化時(shí)代在軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部共存的軍律與軍令做出類比,指出二者在軍紀(jì)執(zhí)行上的不同。最后,討論唐代在中央和軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部維護(hù)軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律存在不同的審判機(jī)構(gòu)。認(rèn)為唐代前期,將領(lǐng)官僚的違紀(jì)犯罪行為得到國家的維護(hù)。 第二部分,安史之亂后唐代軍紀(jì)的走向及其職效。首先,通過軍事環(huán)境的變化來闡釋軍紀(jì)的新走向。分析安史之亂后,唐朝采取守內(nèi)虛外政策對(duì)國防戰(zhàn)略的影響。兵制改革所帶來的兵源多樣化與戰(zhàn)斗力問題,造成對(duì)軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律維護(hù)的危害。其次,歸納唐代后期軍紀(jì)問題產(chǎn)生的新特征。認(rèn)為在軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部,簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的軍令完全取代繁文縟節(jié)化的軍律在軍隊(duì)中大量使用。無論國家或軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部,對(duì)待違反軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律的成員,不計(jì)其身份高低,一律采取嚴(yán)酷懲罰措施。在唐代后期,還出現(xiàn)了以軍紀(jì)取代民事法律的現(xiàn)象。以軍代政,成為晚唐至五代時(shí)期政治活動(dòng)的特例。最后,指出唐代后期執(zhí)行軍紀(jì)所產(chǎn)生的反復(fù)與隨意性問題,認(rèn)為軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律執(zhí)行與否,取自皇權(quán)或軍中主帥的個(gè)人意志。另外也考察了中央處置死刑的場(chǎng)所,長安城執(zhí)行死刑場(chǎng)所的選擇在于是否采用了國家的禮儀制度。唐代后期多在長安城斬殺違反軍紀(jì)的高級(jí)軍官,也是為了鞏固專制皇權(quán)的需要。 第三部分,唐代軍紀(jì)相關(guān)問題的個(gè)案考察。分別從不同角度考察了四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。其一,新型軍官階層的崛起,特別是都虞候地位的急劇上升,對(duì)唐代軍紀(jì)產(chǎn)生的影響。校尉階層作為一支獨(dú)立力量,在唐代軍隊(duì)的各種活動(dòng)中扮演了重要角色。其二,軍紀(jì)與軍賞、軍賜的關(guān)系,唐代后期實(shí)行厚賞的風(fēng)氣,造成了國家軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律的不斷松弛。其三,宦官典軍、監(jiān)軍對(duì)唐代軍紀(jì)的影響。在唐代后期,宦官成為中央在地方藩鎮(zhèn)及其所屬部隊(duì)的代言人,他們是軍紀(jì)的維護(hù)與執(zhí)行者。宦官侵削了軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部的司法獨(dú)立,干涉了部隊(duì)指揮系統(tǒng),是唐代后期軍隊(duì)的一大痼疾。最后,唐代武將職業(yè)素養(yǎng)與軍紀(jì)的養(yǎng)成。認(rèn)為將領(lǐng)的出身及其職業(yè)素質(zhì),對(duì)于一支軍隊(duì)的影響深遠(yuǎn),是一支軍隊(duì)維護(hù)風(fēng)氣,保持戰(zhàn)斗力的有力保障。 總之,安史之亂,給唐代軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律帶來了深遠(yuǎn)影響。唐代前期穩(wěn)定而完備的律令與審判方式遭到破壞,軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部雇傭型的人身依附方式,使得唐代后期更趨向于人治而不是采用法治。直到宋代意識(shí)到這些漏洞給軍隊(duì)帶來的危害,兵禍問題才得到了相對(duì)解決。
[Abstract]:As the army military discipline at all times and in all countries, to maintain a military atmosphere, an important system to protect the combat effectiveness of the army, had a profound impact on the military activities of human beings. The Tang Dynasty for nearly three hundred years, the national strength by Sheng Zhuanshuai, military field along with the change of military discipline. As an important part of military activities, the the development of some countries, is a true portrayal of the Tang Dynasty and its military changes in the microscopic. The maintenance execution, but also reflects the real state law in the armed forces control force changes. In addition, within the military, more personal attachment changing. Therefore, the research of Tang Dynasty military discipline problems, help us from microcosmic the understanding of many problems arising in the late Tang Dynasty: chaos, the eunuch in charge of military, army generals reward, occupation quality change and other issues. In the military discipline as a turning point, all aspects of the Tang Dynasty military field series, It provides a basis for us to reveal and restore the military features of the Tang Dynasty.
Military discipline is a complex problem, academic writings. This paper attempts to academia has not yet in-depth argument or part such as the content of the military discipline and execution of the Tang Dynasty, the new feature and the influence of the late Tang Dynasty military discipline generated by research and related military discipline problems. Based on the extensive collection of historical materials take, the summary and analysis of the combination, the rebellion as a watershed, study the evolution characteristics of military discipline.
This article is divided into three parts, which are as follows:
The first part of the early Tang Dynasty military discipline and relevant content. This early military discipline content and its application in Tang Dynasty, at the same time in the law and order code era coexist in the army to make analogy, pointing out that the two are in the different discipline implementation. Finally, discussed in the Central Army and the Tang Dynasty to maintain military discipline existing judicial institutions think different. In the early Tang Dynasty, discipline crime bureaucratic state maintenance officers.
The second part, rebellion and discipline to the Tang Dynasty Post effect. First, through changes in the military environment to explain the new trend of the discipline analysis. After Anlushan Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty to keep empty outside policy on national defense strategy. The manpower resources diversification and combat problems from military system reform, resulting in harm to to maintain military discipline. Secondly, a new feature induction in late Tang Dynasty discipline problems. Think within the military, simple and practical order to completely replace the unnecessary and overelaborate formalities of military law is widely used in the military. Countries or within the army, with members in violation of military discipline, regardless of the level of their identity, to be taken harsh punishments. The late Tang Dynasty, also appeared to replace the civil law phenomenon in military discipline. The Israeli political activities, become a special case of late Tang to the Five Dynasties period. Finally, pointed out that the implementation of the late Tang Dynasty produced discipline The repeated and random problem, that the military discipline is enforced or not, from the imperial army or individual will coach. In addition the central place of disposal of the death penalty, the death penalty in Changan city place choice is whether to adopt the ritual system of the country. In the late Tang Dynasty Changan City senior officers were beheaded in violation of military discipline, but also need to the consolidation of the autocratic monarchy.
The third part, a case related to military discipline issues of the Tang Dynasty. From different angles were investigated in four aspects. First, the rise of the new officer class, especially a sharp rise in Yu Hou status, impact on the Tang Dynasty military discipline. Captain class as an independent force, played an important role in various activities the army in the Tang Dynasty. Secondly, military and military relations in tours, the gift of the late Tang Dynasty implemented a thick atmosphere, resulting in the country's military discipline continuous relaxation. Third, the eunuch Dian army, influence of the Tang Dynasty. In the military prison in the late Tang Dynasty, the Eunuch in the local government and become the central troops spokesman. They are maintenance and executive discipline. The eunuch invade cut inside the military judicial independence, the interference forces command system, is a chronic disease of the late Tang Dynasty army. Finally, a Tang Dynasty generals occupation accomplishment and military discipline recognize. The birth of the generals and their professional qualities have a profound influence on a military force, which is a powerful guarantee for the army to maintain the atmosphere and maintain the fighting capacity.
In short, the rebellion, had a profound impact to the military discipline in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty and stable laws of trial mode and complete destruction of the internal forces of employment type personal attachment, the late Tang Dynasty tended to the rule rather than the rule of law. The harm until the Song Dynasty aware of these vulnerabilities to the army, military disaster have been resolved relatively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K242;E291

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本文編號(hào)：1771953