本文選題：明代 + 貴州��； 參考：《吉首大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：明代平越軍民府，位于貴州的中北部，地處四川貴州的邊界。此府處在高山峻嶺之間，境內河流縱橫，具有“山溪之險”之稱，其地理位置、軍事戰(zhàn)略位置十分重要。明初永樂年貴州建省時設立八府，但是平越軍民府卻在明朝萬歷才設置。相比貴州建省時其他府的設置時間，平越軍民府正式行政建置明顯滯后。本論文意在證明：明朝政府設置平越府遲遲未決或未制定相應方案的原因，除了考慮貴州省境內地方穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展外，還與平越地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境、民族文化、歷史原因、行政成本高等方面的因素相關聯(lián)。 文章首先從明代貴州建省設府的大背景出發(fā)，介紹了明代建省的過程和平越軍民府的政區(qū)沿革。永樂十一年(1413年)，明王朝在貴州開始建省，建省之初，只設置了八府，其中并沒有平越軍民府。平越軍民府的前身是平越衛(wèi)，經(jīng)過明朝軍事衛(wèi)所制度內部的一系列調整，直到明朝萬歷二十八年（1600年），朝廷平定了播州之亂后，在平越衛(wèi)城增加設置平越軍民府，統(tǒng)轄黃平州、余慶、湄潭、甕安三縣，清平衛(wèi)、平越衛(wèi)和凱里安撫司、楊義長官司境地。 平越地區(qū)地勢險要、具有重要的軍事戰(zhàn)略地位，在平越地區(qū)一直存在置府的必要性。但平越軍民府在明朝萬歷二十八年（1600年）才開始正式置府，其置府滯后的原因有四：其一、平越地區(qū)地處沅江水系與烏江水系的分水嶺地段，巖溶地貌與常態(tài)地貌相間分布，地表形態(tài)多樣，崇山峻嶺河流密布，自然地理環(huán)境險惡；其二、平越地區(qū)是一個多民族聚居的地區(qū)，漢族是主體，苗族、布依族等少數(shù)民族相互毗鄰雜居，各民族的生活方式多樣并存；其三、平越地區(qū)在諸省相連之地，由于隸屬關系不甚合理，致使周邊土司對此地的爭奪，播州土司勢力壯大并叛亂，朝廷難以控制；其四，在平越地區(qū)置府的駐軍費用、修建衙署、官員薪俸等行政成本太高�；谝陨显�，，直到平播之亂平定后，明王朝才在平越地區(qū)順勢置府，此時距貴州設省已近200年。 平越軍民府設置后對當?shù)禺a(chǎn)生了重要的影響。明王朝在播州之亂平定后設置的平越軍民府，不僅可以從縱深上保護驛道的安全，解決驛道的財政需要，而且可以隨時節(jié)制附近大小土司勢力的發(fā)展，保證明王朝在當?shù)氐慕y(tǒng)治，維護當?shù)氐陌捕�。同時，設府后使貴州版圖形狀由“V”變成了“”，解決了貴州省地域不完整的版圖缺陷，更加便利了貴州的交通，有利于貴州的政治、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。而且，平越軍民府的設立，進一步加強了中央和貴州地區(qū)的聯(lián)系，促進了貴州與內地的經(jīng)濟文化的交流，有利于多民族國家的統(tǒng)一。平越軍民府的設置也為以后中央王朝對貴州的管理建設提供了范例。
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty Pingyue Army and people's Office, located in the central part of Guizhou, is located on the border of Sichuan Province.The government is located between the high mountains and rivers, which is known as "the danger of the mountain stream". Its geographical location and military strategic position are very important.In the early Ming Dynasty, eight provinces were established in Guizhou Province, but the Pingyue military and people's Office was only set up in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty.Compared with the time of setting up other provinces in Guizhou province, the formal administrative establishment of Pingyue military and civilian government lags behind obviously.The purpose of this paper is to prove that the reasons why the Ming government set up the Pingyue government late or did not make the corresponding plan, not only consider the local stability and development in Guizhou, but also the ecological environment, national culture and historical reasons of the Pingyue region.The factors of high administrative cost are related.Starting from the background of establishing provincial government in Guizhou in Ming Dynasty, this paper introduces the process of establishing province in Ming Dynasty.Yongle eleven years (1413, the Ming Dynasty began to build a province in Guizhou, the beginning of the province, only set up eight, which did not Ping Yue military and civilian government.After a series of adjustments within the system of the military and military defense institute in the Ming Dynasty, until the twenty-eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1600), the court calmed down the chaos of the broadcast state, the government added the Pingyue military-civilian capital to the Pingyue Acropolis and ruled over Huangping Prefecture.Yuqing, Meitan, Weng'an three counties, Qingping Wei, Ping Yue Wei and Kaili pacification Division, Chief Yang Yi situation.Pingyue area has an important military strategic position, and it has always been necessary in Pingyue area.However, it was not until the 28th year of the Ming Dynasty (1600) that the Pingyue military and people's government began to formally purchase the mansion. There are four reasons for its lagging behind: first, the Pingyue area is located in the watershed section of the Yuanjiang and Wujiang rivers, and the karst landforms are distributed between the normal landforms and the karst landforms.The surface forms are diverse, mountains and rivers are dense, and the natural geographical environment is sinister. Second, the Pingyue region is a multi-ethnic area, with the Han nationality as the main body, the Miao and Buyi ethnic minorities living side by side and the other ethnic groups living side by side.The various ways of life of all ethnic groups coexist; thirdly, in the areas connected by various provinces in the Pingyue region, because of the unreasonable subordinate relationship, the surrounding toast competes for this place, and the power of the provincial toast grows and revolts, and it is difficult for the court to control it; fourth,The cost of garrison in the Ping-Yue region, the construction of the government office, and the salaries of officials are too high.Based on the above reasons, the Ming Dynasty did not settle down in Pingyue area until after the peace and quiet, which was nearly 200 years after Guizhou province was established.After the establishment of the Ping-Yue military and civilian government, it had an important impact on the local area.The Ping-Yue military-civilian government, which was set up by the Ming Dynasty after the chaos of the broadcast states, can not only protect the security of the post roads in depth, solve the financial needs of the post roads, but also control the development of the power of the toast in the vicinity at any time.To ensure the rule of the Ming dynasty in the local area, and maintain the stability of the local.At the same time, the layout of Guizhou was changed from "V" to "" after the government was set up, which solved the defects of Guizhou's incomplete territory, facilitated the transportation of Guizhou, and was beneficial to the political and economic development of Guizhou.Moreover, the establishment of the Pingyue military-civilian government has further strengthened the relationship between the central government and the Guizhou region, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guizhou and the interior, and is conducive to the unification of the multi-ethnic country.The establishment of Pingyue military and civilian government also provided an example for the later central dynasty to the management construction of Guizhou.
【學位授予單位】：吉首大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K248;D691

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