本文選題：明清時(shí)期 + 天津��； 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：天津北依燕山,南達(dá)華北平原腹地,西連京津走廊,東臨渤海灣,地理環(huán)境得天獨(dú)厚。明、清兩朝均建都北京,天津作為京師門戶,其戰(zhàn)略地位極端重要。明、清時(shí)期天津地區(qū)均駐守了大量兵力,與之相伴,天津地區(qū)人口開始增加,各種機(jī)構(gòu)逐步設(shè)立。明、清時(shí)期天津地區(qū)的軍隊(duì)承擔(dān)著防守、作戰(zhàn)、屯田、漕運(yùn)、修城、治河等各項(xiàng)任務(wù),這一方面保障了地方的和平安寧,另一方面又為天津地區(qū)的社會發(fā)展做出了積極貢獻(xiàn),天津的社會、文化事業(yè)逐步發(fā)展,至清代乾隆、嘉慶時(shí)期天津已發(fā)展成為具有重要軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的大都會。軍事對明、清時(shí)期天津地區(qū)的發(fā)展具有重要作用,值得我們認(rèn)真總結(jié)。 本文分為十二章,加上緒論、結(jié)語共十四部分。緒論首先明確本文的研究對象,然后對相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行回顧,進(jìn)而對本文的選題依據(jù)、研究方法、主要內(nèi)容、使用文獻(xiàn)等方面進(jìn)行說明。 第一章首先對明代天津地區(qū)各衛(wèi)所的相關(guān)情況進(jìn)行研究,主要包括明代天津地區(qū)薊州衛(wèi)、鎮(zhèn)朔衛(wèi)、營州右屯衛(wèi)、天津衛(wèi)、天津左衛(wèi)、天津右衛(wèi)、武清衛(wèi)、梁城守御千戶所等衛(wèi)所的設(shè)立情況、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制、衛(wèi)署設(shè)置、軍官人數(shù)、軍官祖貫、軍士人數(shù)等方面。除衛(wèi)所駐軍以外,明代天津地區(qū)還有民兵、達(dá)軍,這也是天津軍事力量的組成部分,這一章對民兵、達(dá)軍也進(jìn)行了研究。 第二章以明代鎮(zhèn)戍營兵制下的天津地區(qū)駐軍為考察對象,由于天津地區(qū)在明代分屬不同的行政區(qū)劃,所以軍隊(duì)也分屬不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng),本章即對明代鎮(zhèn)戍營兵制下天津的駐軍情況、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)、監(jiān)軍系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。 第三章考察明代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)所承擔(dān)的各項(xiàng)任務(wù),明代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)不僅防守各自防區(qū),而且還常被征調(diào)至外地進(jìn)行戍守、作戰(zhàn)。此外,天津地區(qū)的軍隊(duì)還承擔(dān)屯田、漕運(yùn)、班操等任務(wù),以及各種差役。 第四章對明代天津軍隊(duì)各種武器裝備進(jìn)行研究,這些武器既有傳統(tǒng)兵器,又有明代革新、改造的新兵器,此外戰(zhàn)馬也是軍隊(duì)的重要裝備,本章對各類武器、戰(zhàn)馬的配備、管理等方面進(jìn)行研究。 第五章對明代天津地區(qū)的重要軍事工程進(jìn)行研究,明代天津地區(qū)先后修筑了多座城池,這些城垣均先為土城,之后開始用磚包砌,在古代社會堅(jiān)固的城池是保衛(wèi)地方的重要屏障。明代從開國伊始即開始在北部邊防修筑關(guān)隘,之后經(jīng)過歷次修筑,特別是戚繼光于薊鎮(zhèn)任職期間,薊鎮(zhèn)邊墻的修筑達(dá)到高峰。 第六章對明代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)的軍餉來源、軍餉管理、軍餉發(fā)放等方面進(jìn)行研究,深入考察軍餉來源、軍餉管理、軍餉發(fā)放等方面的演變情況,并對其存在的問題進(jìn)行探討。 第七章以清代天津地區(qū)的駐軍為考察對象,對寶坻駐防營、天津水師營兩個(gè)駐防八旗營,以及天津鎮(zhèn)所轄各綠營的設(shè)置、隸屬、軍官、兵力、營汛等方面進(jìn)行研究。 第八章研究清代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)承擔(dān)的任務(wù),清代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)除承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的軍事任務(wù)外,還承擔(dān)著維護(hù)治安,守衛(wèi)行宮、陵寢,看護(hù)運(yùn)河,捕滅蝗蝻等各項(xiàng)差役。 第九章對清代天津地區(qū)的武器、裝備情況進(jìn)行研究,與明代相比,清代前期的武器并無明顯發(fā)展,某些方面甚至出現(xiàn)退步,這與明、清兩代不同的軍事形勢、軍事制度密切相關(guān)。 第十章以清代天津地區(qū)的各種軍事工程為研究對象,這些軍事工程既包括天津、靜海、武清、寶坻、薊州等城池,也包括演武場、炮臺、墩臺等設(shè)施,這些軍事工程經(jīng)過清代前期的修筑,對于加強(qiáng)軍事訓(xùn)練、防御具有一定作用。 第十一章研究清代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)的軍餉狀況,清代天津地區(qū)軍隊(duì)的米糧供應(yīng)主要來自漕運(yùn),餉銀則來自地方收入,在軍餉發(fā)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,八旗兵與綠營兵有所不同。在額定軍餉之外,清代天津軍隊(duì)還有各種不定的賞賜。 第十二章研究明、清時(shí)期軍事對天津發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)與影響,明、清時(shí)期軍事對天津發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)是多方面的、深刻的,本章重點(diǎn)論述天津衛(wèi)學(xué)、武學(xué)對天津發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)。在明、清兩朝數(shù)百年中,軍事對天津發(fā)展的影響是巨大的、深刻的,特別是表現(xiàn)為一方面促進(jìn)了天津社會風(fēng)氣由尚武轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯形?另一方面造就了現(xiàn)在天津城區(qū)在整個(gè)天津地區(qū)的中心地位。 結(jié)語部分對明、清時(shí)期天津地區(qū)軍事變化進(jìn)行總結(jié),展現(xiàn)明、清時(shí)期天津軍事發(fā)展、變化的全貌,并揭示其內(nèi)在的歷史動因,以為今天天津的發(fā)展提供歷史借鑒。
[Abstract]:In the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the forces of Tianjin have made positive contributions to the development of social and cultural undertakings in Tianjin . The military has played an important role in the development of Tianjin area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and it is worthy of our earnest summarization .

This paper is divided into twelve chapters , with an introduction of fourteen parts . The introduction firstly makes clear the research object of this paper , then reviews the relevant research results , and then explains the basis , the research method , the main content and the use of literature .

In the first chapter , the author studies the relative situation of the Guards in the Tianjin area of Ming Dynasty , including the establishment of the Wei , the town , the right guard of the Yingzhou , the Wei of Tianjin , the left guard in Tianjin , the right guard in Tianjin , the Wuqing wei , the number of officers and so on . In addition to the garrison troops , there are militia members in the Tianjin area of the Ming Dynasty . This is also an integral part of the military power of Tianjin . This chapter also studies the militia and the Dajun .

The second chapter is to investigate the garrison troops of the Tianjin area under the garrison system in the Ming Dynasty . Since the Tianjin area is divided into different administrative divisions in the Ming Dynasty , the army is divided into different leadership systems . This chapter studies the garrison situation , the leadership system and the monitoring system of the garrison troops in the Ming Dynasty .

Chapter 3 examines the tasks undertaken by the forces in Tianjin , Ming and Qing Dynasties , and the forces of the Tianjin area in the Ming Dynasty are not only defending their respective areas , but also being diverted to the field for guarding and fighting . In addition , the troops in the Tianjin area are responsible for the tasks such as Tuen Mun , water transport , shift and other tasks , as well as various service .

The fourth chapter studies all kinds of weapon equipments of Tianjin army in Ming Dynasty . These weapons not only have the traditional weapons , but also the new weapon of the reform and transformation of the Ming Dynasty . In addition , the war horse is the important equipment of the army , and this chapter carries on the research on the equipment and management of all kinds of weapons and combat horses .

The fifth chapter studies the important military engineering in the Tianjin area of Ming Dynasty . In the Ming Dynasty , many city ponds were built in the Ming Dynasty . These city walls were first paved with bricks , and the fortified city pools in ancient society were the important barriers to protect the place . After the Ming Dynasty , it began to build a gateway in the northern border from the beginning of the opening of the country .

In the sixth chapter , we study the source , rate management and rate distribution of the army in the Tianjin area of the Ming Dynasty to investigate the evolution of the rate , rate , rate and so on , and discuss the existing problems .

In the seventh chapter , the garrison troops in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty were studied in the aspects of the garrison camp , the two garrison troops stationed in Tianjin , and the establishment , membership , military strength and flood control of each green camp under the jurisdiction of Tianjin .

Chapter 8 deals with the tasks undertaken by the military forces in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . In the Qing Dynasty , the troops of the Tianjin area , in addition to their own military tasks , were responsible for the maintenance of public order , guarding the palace , sleeping , guarding the canal , trapping the locust and so on .

Chapter 9 studies the situation of weapons and equipment in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . Compared with the Ming Dynasty , the weapon in the early Qing Dynasty has no obvious development , and some aspects have even stepped out , which is closely related to the military situation and the military system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties .

Chapter X is the research object of various military projects in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . These military projects include such facilities as Tianjin , Jing Hai , Wuqing , Bajie , Jizhou and other facilities . These military projects have been built in the early Qing Dynasty and have a certain role in strengthening military training and defense .

Chapter 11 deals with the rate of the army in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . The grain supply of the troops in the Tianjin area is mainly from the transport of water , and the silver is from the local revenue . In addition to the standard of the rates , the eight flag soldiers are different from the green battalion . In addition to the rated rates , the Qing Dynasty Tianjin army has various kinds of reward .

Chapter 12 studies the contribution and influence of the military to Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties . The contribution of military to Tianjin during the Qing period is manifold and profound . In the Ming and Qing dynasties , the influence of military to Tianjin development is enormous and profound , especially in the aspect of promoting the transformation of Tianjin social atmosphere from Shang Wu to Shangwen , and on the other hand , the central position of Tianjin urban area throughout Tianjin .

The concluding part summarizes the military changes of Tianjin area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and reveals the features of Tianjin military development and change during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and reveals the historical motivation in it , which is to provide historical reference for the development of Tianjin today .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：E291;K248

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