本文選題：宋朝　切入點(diǎn)：俘虜　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 俘虜是指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被直接抓獲或在武力逼迫下投降的人員。俘虜作為人類社會(huì)的一類特殊群體,存在于各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期,其被俘后的命運(yùn)不盡相同。有宋一代,先后與遼、西夏、金、蒙古等政權(quán)相抗衡,同時(shí)要平定王朝內(nèi)部的農(nóng)民起義與士兵叛亂,在這些內(nèi)外部沖突與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中抓獲了身份各異、數(shù)量龐大的俘虜。宋朝因襲前代制定了獻(xiàn)俘禮,通過(guò)這種軍禮儀式來(lái)宣揚(yáng)國(guó)威,顯示戰(zhàn)功。獻(xiàn)俘儀式及其隆重程度因俘虜?shù)纳矸荻兴煌?舉行獻(xiàn)俘禮的地點(diǎn)、出席獻(xiàn)俘儀式的人員不固定;宋政府舉行獻(xiàn)俘禮時(shí)對(duì)本國(guó)將士進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)賞,獻(xiàn)俘儀式結(jié)束后將俘虜殺掉的事件比較少見(jiàn)。在軍法上,宋政府對(duì)將士在行軍途中、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后如何處置俘虜做了詳細(xì)規(guī)定,并制定了抓獲俘虜后的獎(jiǎng)賞標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這些措施豐富了宋朝的軍法內(nèi)容。在借鑒前代俘虜政策的基礎(chǔ)上,宋政府根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的政治形勢(shì),依據(jù)俘虜?shù)纳矸?作出了不同的處理,這是宋朝俘虜政策靈活性的體現(xiàn)。恰當(dāng)?shù)姆斦?加快了北宋初期的統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程,有利于新占領(lǐng)地區(qū)社會(huì)秩序的穩(wěn)定,有利于從俘虜中發(fā)現(xiàn)有用的人才,還可以通過(guò)交換俘虜改善與敵國(guó)的關(guān)系,甚至利用俘虜實(shí)行反間計(jì)。不恰當(dāng)?shù)姆斦?則容易引起社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩,惡化與鄰國(guó)的關(guān)系。同時(shí),宋朝依然存在虐俘、殺俘的現(xiàn)象,這與宋政府把殺俘作為一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)、維護(hù)自身統(tǒng)治的需要等原因有關(guān),但大規(guī)模殺害俘虜?shù)默F(xiàn)象已很少見(jiàn),這是宋政府以文治國(guó)方略、政策開(kāi)明的重要體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:A prisoner is a person who is captured directly in a war or surrendered by force.As a special group in human society, prisoners exist in different historical periods, and their fate after capture is different.There were Song Dynasty, one after another with Liao, Xixia, Jin, Mongolia and other political regimes, at the same time to calm the peasant uprising and soldiers rebellion, in these internal and external conflicts and wars captured in different identities, a large number of prisoners.The Song Dynasty made the sacrifice of captivity in the previous generation, through which the military ceremony was used to propagate the national prestige and display military merit.The ceremony and its degree of pomp vary according to the status of the prisoner. The place where the gift was given was held, and the number of people attending the ceremony was not fixed. When the Song government presented the ceremony, the officers and soldiers of their country were rewarded.It is rare to kill a prisoner after a captivity ceremony.In the military law, the Song government made detailed regulations on how to deal with the prisoners after the war in the course of marching and during the war, and formulated the reward standard after the capture. These measures enriched the contents of the military law of the Song Dynasty.On the basis of drawing lessons from the previous prisoner policy, the Song government made different treatment according to the political situation and the identity of the prisoners, which was the embodiment of the flexibility of the prisoners policy in the Song Dynasty.The proper policy of prisoners accelerated the process of unification in the early Northern Song Dynasty, was conducive to the stability of social order in the newly occupied areas, to the discovery of useful talents from the prisoners, and to the improvement of relations with the enemy through the exchange of prisoners.Prisoners were even used to carry out counter-stratums.Improper capture policies are prone to social unrest and deterioration of relations with neighbouring countries.At the same time, the phenomenon of torture and killing of prisoners still exists in the Song Dynasty, which is related to the reason that the Song government regards the killing of prisoners as a tactic and the need to maintain its own rule. However, the phenomenon of mass killing of prisoners is very rare, which is the Song government's strategy of governing the country with literature.An important manifestation of enlightened policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K244

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 楊計(jì)國(guó);;北宋俘虜軍法研究[J];商丘師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

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本文編號(hào)：1715812