本文選題：清代　切入點(diǎn)：荊州駐防八旗　出處：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：荊州駐防八旗設(shè)立于康熙二十二年(1683年),其設(shè)立緣起于三藩之亂。在平定三藩的過(guò)程中,荊州以其獨(dú)特的地理優(yōu)勢(shì),有力地抵擋住了叛軍,在整個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。由于其重要的軍事戰(zhàn)略地位,清政府在平定三藩之后,隨即派遣滿蒙八旗官兵駐守荊州,荊州駐防八旗至此正式設(shè)立。荊州駐防設(shè)額兵4000員,且均為滿蒙官兵,未置漢軍。除額兵外,因?yàn)閷儆跀y眷駐防,連同家屬、仆役,總?cè)丝趹?yīng)在兩萬(wàn)以上。由此可見(jiàn),荊州駐防八旗規(guī)模之大,地位之重。荊州駐防八旗作為清代直省駐防的重點(diǎn),在清代整個(gè)駐防體系中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。荊州駐防八旗自設(shè)立起,至清王朝滅亡之后逐漸消亡,歷經(jīng)二百余年的風(fēng)雨滄桑。駐防延續(xù)時(shí)間如此之長(zhǎng),保障其生命力的根本因素便是經(jīng)濟(jì)。荊州駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活狀況,作為駐防八旗的重要組成部分,具有重要的研究意義。目前,學(xué)界關(guān)于荊州駐防八旗經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的研究較少,都只是零散地分布于一些著作和論文中,沒(méi)有專門(mén)性的研究。從現(xiàn)有對(duì)清代荊州駐防八旗的研究來(lái)看,主要偏重于建置、民族關(guān)系、學(xué)校教育和辛亥革命時(shí)期的轉(zhuǎn)變等方面,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活方面的研究尚為欠缺。本文以荊州駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活為視角,從清代荊州駐防八旗經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的幾個(gè)構(gòu)成要素,即荊州駐防旗地、荊州駐防八旗的俸餉、經(jīng)濟(jì)困境與制度調(diào)整、荊州駐防八旗的社會(huì)保障展開(kāi)研究,具有創(chuàng)新意義。文章分為以下幾個(gè)部分:第一部分是緒論。緒論首先從荊州駐防八旗的設(shè)立、軍事地位的重要性、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活研究的重要性等幾個(gè)角度對(duì)荊州駐防八旗的基本狀況進(jìn)行論述。然后指出選題的意義和文章的研究范圍,并對(duì)相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行回顧總結(jié)。第二部分為荊州駐防的旗地。本章從清代旗地的設(shè)立著手,對(duì)旗地這一土地制度的概念和形成過(guò)程進(jìn)行基本的概括和梳理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步對(duì)荊州駐防八旗旗地進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地介紹。荊州駐防旗地主要有兩種,即馬廠地和公義地。這與傳統(tǒng)意義上的旗地有所不同,不是直接分配給荊州駐防官兵的耕地。馬廠地設(shè)立之初用于牧養(yǎng)馬匹,但后期被招民開(kāi)墾。之所以被招墾,是由于馬匹不適應(yīng)南方環(huán)境易于倒斃,而八旗兵丁又無(wú)力買馬賠償。為緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,駐防數(shù)次裁減馬匹額數(shù)。如此一來(lái),馬匹驟減,大量馬廠地被閑置,于是便被招墾稞租。招墾取得的課租收入,對(duì)駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)多有裨益。專門(mén)購(gòu)置來(lái)用于貧苦旗人喪葬的公義地,在一定程度上也緩解了駐防旗人的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。第三部分為荊州駐防八旗的俸餉。俸餉是駐防官兵經(jīng)濟(jì)收入的主要來(lái)源。本章分為駐防官員的俸餉、一般旗兵的俸餉兩個(gè)部分,分別闡述其年收入總數(shù)及經(jīng)濟(jì)收入的主要成分。通過(guò)對(duì)二者的俸餉收入進(jìn)行一定程度的對(duì)比和總結(jié),最后總述清代荊州駐防八旗俸餉收入的整體狀況。第四部分為荊州駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境與制度調(diào)整。文章首先將荊州駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題總結(jié)概括為人口增長(zhǎng)、官員貪腐、財(cái)政危機(jī)、旗人懶散等幾個(gè)方面,在此基礎(chǔ)上,探討經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的根本原因,即清代駐防八旗體制存在弊端。然后,進(jìn)一步總結(jié)荊州駐防八旗調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)的各項(xiàng)措施,具體為增設(shè)兵額、公款“發(fā)商生息”、籌辦工廠及工藝學(xué)堂、籌辦學(xué)校、編練新軍、組織捐款等。荊州駐防八旗的面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境不是地方性的,而是普遍發(fā)生在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的,清政府為解決經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題做出了許多努力。通過(guò)一系列的經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整措施,荊州駐防八旗的生計(jì)問(wèn)題得到一定程度的緩解,但并未從根本上得到解決。第五部分為荊州駐防八旗的社會(huì)保障。社會(huì)保障制度是對(duì)駐防八旗經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一種補(bǔ)充。荊州駐防八旗通過(guò)借支銀兩、賞銀、撫恤等一系列措施,保障駐防旗人的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活。然而,隨著清朝國(guó)力的逐漸衰退,清代荊州駐防八旗的社會(huì)保障制度也逐漸瓦解。辛亥革命以后,荊州駐防旗人的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活狀況也發(fā)生了巨大改變。荊州駐防八旗的旗地、俸餉、經(jīng)濟(jì)舉措和社會(huì)保障是荊州駐防八旗經(jīng)濟(jì)生活重要組成部分。在對(duì)荊州駐防八旗經(jīng)濟(jì)生活研究的過(guò)程中,需要對(duì)這幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入探討。限于史料匱乏的原因,文章還存在許多不足,仍需仔細(xì)搜集史料,對(duì)荊州駐防八旗的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活進(jìn)行不斷完善。
[Abstract]:The Jingzhou garrison eight banners established in Kangxi twenty-two years (1683), the establishment of the origin of the San Francisco rebellion. In the process of pacification of San Francisco, Jingzhou, with its unique geographical advantages, effectively resist the rebels, play an important role in the whole war. Because of its important military strategic position, the Qing government in Pingding after San Francisco, Manchuria immediately dispatched eight officers stationed in Jingzhou, Jingzhou. Jingzhou formally established this eight banners garrison set amount of 4000 soldiers, and are not the Manchu soldiers, Army soldiers. In addition to the amount, because this belongs to the garrison, together with family members, ministers, the total population should be above twenty thousand. Thus, the size of the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou big, important role. Jingzhou as the Eight Banners garrisoned in Qing Dynasty, played an important role in the whole system. The Qing Dynasty garrison garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou since its establishment, to the Qing Wang Zhaomie dying death, After two hundred years of vicissitudes of life. They continued for such a long time, the fundamental factors to protect its vitality is the economy. Economic living conditions of the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, as an important part of the eight banners, the research has important significance. At present, research on Jingzhou's anti eight economic life there are scattered in some books and papers, no special research. According to the existing research on Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, the main emphasis on the implementation of ethnic relations, school education and the revolution of 1911 transformation, research on the economic aspects of life are still lacking. In this paper, the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic life from the perspective of several Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic life elements, namely the Jingzhou garrison flag, Jingzhou garrison eight banners salary, economic difficulties and the system adjustment, the Jingzhou garrison eight Study on its social security, has the innovation significance. This paper is divided into the following parts: the first part is the introduction. The introduction from the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou set up the importance of military status, discusses the basic situation of several aspects of the study of economic life and the importance of the Jingzhou Garrison Eight Banners then pointed out that the research scope and significance. This topic, and the related research achievements are reviewed and summarized. The second part for the flag of Jingzhou station. This chapter from the Qing Dynasty's establishment to the concept of the flag of this land system and the formation process of the basic outline and analysis. On this basis, further eight banners in Jingzhou's detail the Jingzhou garrison flag. The two, namely the horse factory and justice. This and the traditional sense of the flag is different, not directly assigned to the Jingzhou garrison soldiers horse factory of arable land. To set up to feed horses, but later called the reclamation. The reclamation is, because the horse is not adapt to the environment is easy to fall, and the soldiers and horses to compensation. In order to alleviate the economic pressure, reduce the volume of horses stationed several times. In this way, a large number of horses plummeted, horse factory were idle, then by reclamation reclamation has barley rent. Rent income of course, the economic benefit of garrison eight banners. The purchase of specialized for poor funeral Bannerman righteousness, to a certain extent, but also to ease the economic pressure of the Manchu Garrison. The third part is Jingzhou's anti the salary. The salary is the main source of the garrison the officers and men of economic income. This chapter is divided into garrison officials salary, two parts of the general salary, expounds the main component of the total annual income and income. The two of the salary income ratio and to some extent Summarize the overall situation, summary of Qing Dynasty in Jingzhou eight banners salary income. The fourth part is the economic difficulties and the system adjustment in Jingzhou. Firstly, the Eight Banners garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic problems summarized as population growth, official corruption, financial crisis, Bannerman lazy and so on several aspects, on this basis, to explore the root cause the economic problems, namely, the Qing Dynasty garrison eight banners present system. Then, further summarizes the measures to adjust the economic garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, specifically for the additional amount of soldiers, "taking public funds to live, for the factory and technical school, for the school, to train a new army for donations. The garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou facing economic the dilemma is not local, but generally occurred in the national scope, the Qing government made many efforts to solve economic problems. Through a series of adjustment measures, the Jingzhou Garrison The livelihood problem eased to some extent, but not fundamentally solved. The fifth part is the Jingzhou garrison eight banners social security. The social security system is a supplement to the Eight Banners in the economic life. The Jingzhou garrison eight banners by borrow silver, silver, a series of measures such as pension security, eight banners economic life. However, with the gradual decline of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou social security system has gradually disintegrated. After the revolution of 1911, the economic life status of Jingzhou Manchu Garrison has also undergone a great change. The Jingzhou garrison eight banners flags, salary, economic measures and social security is an important part of economic life. In Jingzhou the Eight Banners the process of the study of economic life of the garrison in Jingzhou, we need to further discuss on this aspect. Due to lack of historical data, the article also has many not Enough, still need to carefully collect historical data, the Jingzhou garrison Eight Banners in economic life and constantly improve.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K249

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