本文選題：商人會館　切入點：中間組織　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：明清這兩個朝代是封建社會當(dāng)中極為重要的時期，是封建經(jīng)濟的最后階段，這一時期經(jīng)濟和社會變遷劇烈，，文化和價值觀的沖突不斷顯現(xiàn)。處于這一歷史時期的商人會館，作為一種中間組織，它建立起政府與市場、市場與企業(yè)間的溝通橋梁，它對于商人、政府乃至明清社會都產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。這樣的中間組織，比如今天的行業(yè)協(xié)會、商會等，對于現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展具有積極的作用，尤其在我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織之后，隨著經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的進一步調(diào)整，各方的利益關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)成為重要課題。 學(xué)術(shù)界對于會館的研究大多從史學(xué)的角度加以分析，更多側(cè)重其同鄉(xiāng)組織或同業(yè)組織的特征。另外，學(xué)者更多地是把會館研究放在明清史研究中的一部分，而不是單獨作為很重要的內(nèi)容來進行深入研究。部分學(xué)者借助一些經(jīng)濟學(xué)方法，但基本局限于描述性的分析，并沒有形成很好的理論架構(gòu)來解釋會館這一組織的存在機理、對商幫的影響及與政府間關(guān)系等內(nèi)容。 本文采用歸納分析與演繹分析方法相結(jié)合、規(guī)范分析與實證分析相結(jié)合、歷史分析方法與邏輯推理方法相結(jié)合以及組織和制度分析方法，得出如下結(jié)論：通過對商人會館的考察，從資源配置模式的視角，將其界定為中間組織，分為兩個方面，一是居于政府與市場之間，二是居于市場與企業(yè)之間；商人會館通過戲曲演出和神靈祭祀等形式，實現(xiàn)較好的內(nèi)部治理；會館是中國明清傳統(tǒng)社會下官商關(guān)系博弈的一種制度選擇，商人會館體現(xiàn)出商人對權(quán)貴資本或政府的高度依賴性，而政府借商人會館對商人加以控制和利用；從會館到公所組織形式的變化，體現(xiàn)出誘致性制度變遷，而從公所到商會，則體現(xiàn)出強制性制度變遷。 論文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容設(shè)置如下： 第一章是導(dǎo)論部分，介紹關(guān)于會館和商人會館的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，介紹研究思路和研究方法，并指出本文的創(chuàng)新點和不足。第二章對商人會館進行了界定，并介紹商人會館的興起及其地域分布特征，并論述了商人會館形成的經(jīng)濟和社會背景及思想與政策背景。第三章探討了商人會館的性質(zhì)，指出其為中間組織，并對其形成的機制進行了分析，指出商人會館與其它組織之間的區(qū)別，并分析其職能。第四章對組織的基本構(gòu)成加以分析，并結(jié)合治理理論分析了商人會館內(nèi)部治理，并進一步指出商人會館的內(nèi)部激勵問題。第五章運用博弈論分析方法，構(gòu)建基于會館的官商博弈模型分析，探討官商關(guān)系的實質(zhì)與動態(tài)演變。第六章基于誘致性制度變遷和強制性制度變遷理論探討商人會館到公所以及商會的組織形式的演變。第七章說明研究結(jié)論，并提出政策啟示。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties were the most important period in feudal society and the last stage of feudal economy. During this period, the economic and social changes were intense, and the conflicts of culture and values appeared constantly. The Merchants Guild was in this historical period. As an intermediate organization, it establishes a bridge between the government and the market and between the market and the enterprises. It has a profound impact on businessmen, the government and even the society of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Such intermediate organizations, such as today's trade associations, chambers of commerce, and so on, It plays an active role in the development of modern market economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, with the further adjustment of economic structure, the coordination of the interests of all parties becomes an important subject. Most of the academic research on guild hall is analyzed from the perspective of history, and more emphasis is placed on the characteristics of their fellow citizens' organizations or similar organizations. In addition, scholars put the study of guild halls in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties as a part of the study. Some scholars, with the aid of some economic methods, have basically limited themselves to descriptive analysis and have not formed a good theoretical framework to explain the existence mechanism of this organization. Influence on the business group and the relationship between the government and other content. This paper combines inductive analysis with deductive analysis, normative analysis with empirical analysis, historical analysis with logical reasoning and organizational and institutional analysis. The conclusions are as follows: from the perspective of the resource allocation model, it is defined as the intermediate organization through the investigation of the Merchants Guild, which is divided into two aspects: one is between the government and the market, the other is between the market and the enterprise; The Merchants Guild is a kind of system choice in the traditional society of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which realizes better internal governance by performing opera and offering sacrifices to gods and spirits. The Merchants Guild reflects the high dependence of the merchant on the capital or the government, and the government controls and utilizes the merchant through the Merchants Guild. The change of the organization form from the Guild to the House reflects the induced institutional change, and from the Chamber of Commerce to the Chamber of Commerce. It reflects the change of compulsory system. The text structure and main contents of the thesis are as follows:. The first chapter is the introduction part, introduces the domestic and foreign research status, introduces the research ideas and research methods, and points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper. Chapter two defines the Merchant Guild Hall. It also introduces the rise of Merchants Guild and its regional distribution, and discusses the economic and social background and ideological and policy background of the formation of Merchants Guild. Chapter three discusses the nature of Merchants Guild, and points out that it is an intermediate organization. It also analyzes the mechanism of its formation, points out the difference between the Merchants Guild and other organizations, and analyzes its functions. Chapter 4th analyzes the basic constitution of the organization, and analyzes the internal governance of the Merchants Guild with the theory of governance. And further points out the internal incentive problem of the Merchants Guild. Chapter 5th uses the game theory analysis method to construct the government-business game model analysis based on the clubhouse. Chapter 6th, based on the theory of inductive institutional change and mandatory institutional change, discusses the evolution of the organizational form from merchant associations to public offices and chambers of commerce. Chapter 7th explains the conclusions of the research and puts forward the policy implications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K248;F203

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