本文關(guān)鍵詞：“兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案”與清中期鹽政吏治之關(guān)系研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：本文主要通過討論清代的三大貪污案之一,也是最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪案件“兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案”來論述清朝鹽法制度與清代中期的吏治問題。清王朝締造了康乾盛世,但同時(shí),在也伴隨著其政府衙門機(jī)構(gòu)的腐朽墮落,自乾隆三十三年發(fā)生兩淮鹽政高恒、普福和鹽運(yùn)使盧見曾大肆貪污的震驚朝野的兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案以后,乾隆皇帝雖然予以嚴(yán)厲制裁并加強(qiáng)了官員監(jiān)察制度,但貪污案件卻還是時(shí)有發(fā)生,大案要案頻出觸目驚心。按照常理,對于初始的貪污案件,嚴(yán)懲不貸,應(yīng)該收到良好的效果,為何乾隆帝的鐵腕治貪反而收效甚微呢,究其原因,根源就是封建專制制度,本文就此問題主要從清朝的鹽官制度、鹽商現(xiàn)象、吏治改革及效果、官員的選拔制度、官員監(jiān)察制度和懲處的收效等方面進(jìn)行分析。 本文以對清代兩淮鹽業(yè)有著重大影響的兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案的相關(guān)研究情況為切入點(diǎn),前輩學(xué)者對兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案的研究非常多,對此案涉及的歷史背景、發(fā)生原因研究也相當(dāng)深入,但是圍繞兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案的政治問題、管理問題展開的研究卻并不多,因此圍繞著具體對象和具體事務(wù)就有了研究的必要。同時(shí)借由兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案來分析清代中期的鹽政律令與吏治的相關(guān)狀況與弊端對后世也具有借鑒意義。因此需要簡要介紹兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案發(fā)生的社會背景,當(dāng)時(shí)的統(tǒng)治體系,人民的生活狀況以及兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案發(fā)生的一些細(xì)節(jié),對以往的一些學(xué)說做了考辯和分析,認(rèn)為造成兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案發(fā)生有著其內(nèi)在的社會原因,有整個政治環(huán)境的原因,還有歷史文化的原因以及商人自身動機(jī)的因素等。 之后,通過分析清朝的鹽法制度,探尋兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案發(fā)生的制度上的漏洞和原因,讓今人能夠了解當(dāng)時(shí)境況,從中吸取教訓(xùn)。透析鹽政腐敗的吏治原因。以及兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案發(fā)生的深層次原因。清朝沿襲了明代的低俸祿制度,以至于官員難以維持生計(jì),貪腐成風(fēng),但監(jiān)察失效,奢靡之風(fēng)蔓延最終導(dǎo)致清朝滅亡對今后中國的吏治都有借鑒的價(jià)值和意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)主要就是以預(yù)提鹽引案為引,折射出清中期的鹽政制度問題,即吏治問題和監(jiān)察手段的漏洞。并從各個方面分析統(tǒng)治階級的吏治整飭態(tài)度,以及最終導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果和影響。 探讀本文明確兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案對兩淮鹽業(yè)的影響,隨著兩淮預(yù)提鹽引案的處理,暴露出的制度和吏治問題。以及最終影響兩淮鹽務(wù)漸漸走向了衰敗的巨貪案件,凸顯出的各層次之間的矛盾。最終的處理結(jié)果存在怎樣的遺留問題才使得清代末期的官場更加腐敗,成為清王朝的逐漸衰落的眾多因素之一
[Abstract]:This paper discusses one of the three corruption cases in the Qing Dynasty, is also the largest economic crime case "two Huai River withholding salt cited case" to discuss the salt law system and administrative problems in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty created the Kangxi and Qianlong, but at the same time, the government is also accompanied by the bureaucratic mechanism decadent, since two Huai salt Gao Heng thirty-three years after Qian Long, Pufu and makeyan Yun Lu Jianzeng wantonly corruption shocked the government two Huai River withholding salt cited case, although emperor Qian Long give severe punishment and strengthen the supervision system of officials, but corruption cases still occur, frequent major cases shocking. According to common sense, for the initial cases of corruption. Should be punished, received good results, why the Emperor Qianlong of the iron fisted rule of greed but with little success, the reason is the root of the feudal autocratic system, this paper mainly from the Qing Dynasty salt The official system, merchants phenomenon, official administration reform and the effect of the official selection system, supervision system and punishment with officials and other aspects of analysis.
Based on the Qing Dynasty two Huai salt industry has a significant impact on the related two Huai River withholding salt cited case as the starting point, many senior scholars to study two Huai River withholding salt cited case, in the case of the historical background, causes the research is quite thorough, but around two Huai salt cited the case of the pre study on the management issues of political issues, but not much, so focus on specific objects and specific issues there is a need to study. The situation at the same time by the two Huai River withholding salt cited case to analyze salt regulation and bureaucracy in the mid Qing Dynasty and defects on later reference. So we need to introduce two Huai River withholding lead case in the social background, the ruling system, some of the details of people's living conditions and two Huai River withholding salt cited case, some of the previous theories do textual research and analysis, that resulted in two pre Huai salt The occurrence of the case has its inherent social reasons, the reasons for the whole political environment, the reasons for the historical culture and the factors of the merchant's own motives.
Then, through the analysis of salt law system of the Qing Dynasty, exploring the two vulnerabilities and causes Huai River withholding salt cited case in the system, so that we can understand the situation, learn from it. The reason of dialysis salt corruption. The deep-seated reasons and two Huai River withholding salt cited case in the Qing Dynasty followed the Ming Dynasty. Low salary system that officials are difficult to maintain the livelihood of corruption, but the failure of wasteful spread eventually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty in the future China officials have reference value and significance. Its structure is mainly by withholding salt cited the case cited salt administration system of refraction the mid Qing Dynasty, namely, officials and monitoring the means of vulnerability. And analysis of the ruling class in the attitude from various aspects, and ultimately lead to the result and effect.
The effect of reading this clear two Huai withholding salt cited the case of two salt, with two Huai River withholding salt cited case, the official system and the problems exposed. And the final effect of two salt gradually towards the decline of the corruption case, the contradiction between the various levels of highlights. The final results are left how to make the end of the Qing Dynasty officialdom corruption has become one of the many factors of the gradual decline of the Qing Dynasty

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K249;F426.82

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本文編號：1385065