本文關鍵詞：北宋“理學五子”的政治思想與實踐　出處：《山東大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：與趙宋王朝優(yōu)禮士大夫的基本國策相輔相成,宋代的士大夫群體普遍具有“以天下為己任”的高度的政治主體意識。周敦頤、邵雍、張載和二程等“理學五子”作為宋代士大夫群體的代表人物,以“內(nèi)圣外王”為宗旨,在將儒學發(fā)展到哲理化的新階段,實現(xiàn)儒學歷史性復興的同時,也以“復三代之治”為旗幟,熱切期盼著能將理學的政治思想實踐于社會,報效趙宋王朝。 邵雍雖然一生遠離官場,卻以自身高尚的學行,在朝野皆享有盛名,并受到洛陽市民的尊敬和愛戴。其所到之處,百姓群集。邵雍借助這種優(yōu)勢,進行講學等活動,還深入到民間社會,解決鄰里矛盾,以之來逐漸實現(xiàn)自己移風易俗的社會主張。 周敦頤一生為官,他在地方官任上,始終是盡職盡責,擅于為當?shù)孛癖娊鉀Q刑事糾紛。他在治所還興建學校,重視教育,并以此來改變民風。 張載提出了恢復井田、封建和宗法等“復三代之治”的政治構想,并致力于敦本善俗,使得關中地區(qū)“用禮漸成俗”,地方社會、文化面貌為之一新。 程顥在地方為官期間素有政績,他整頓風俗,興辦教育,實行道德教化,并為百姓解決了許多的實際問題。他還一度積極參與王安石變法,以期“復三代之治”,實現(xiàn)天下太平的理想。盡管不久即與王安石分道揚鑣,但他只是不贊成新法的具體舉措,并不完全反對變革本身。程頤則側重于學術研究,不求仕進,屢次謝絕授官,但他卻視君主的圣德教勸為實現(xiàn)“三代之治”的關鍵,因而特別重視經(jīng)筵的作用,愿意接受并以布衣出任官階并不高的崇政殿說書一職,在給皇帝講說書史、解釋經(jīng)義和作為顧問的一言一行中影響君主。在這一職位上,程頤事實上還比較積極地參與了當時的黨爭活動,并成為著名的“洛黨”的領袖人物。 “理學五子”雖然從事政治實踐的方法有所不同,形式也有差異,但“內(nèi)圣外王”、學以致用的實踐理性是一致的。從整體上看,由于具體的政治客觀原因,“理學五子”以講學和擔任地方官為主,他們將政治理想的實現(xiàn),主要寄托在地方的治理和改革上,他們在地方官任上,政治主體性和自覺性得到淋漓盡致地發(fā)揮,通常既是政績卓著,又重視儒家倫理和文化教育建設。即便是講學,也往往能夠對當?shù)厣鐣l(fā)揮積極的實際影響力。這是“理學五子”政治思想與實踐的可貴之處和價值所在。
[Abstract]:As the representative figure of the scholar - doctor group in the Song Dynasty , the scholar - doctor group in the Song Dynasty , as the representative figure of the scholar - doctors in the Song Dynasty , was the representative figure of the scholar - doctor group in the Song Dynasty . Shao Yong , while far away from the officialdom , has been famous in his own high school , and has been respected and loved by the people of Luoyang . As a result , the people cluster . Shao Yong , by means of this advantage , carries out his lectures and other activities , and goes deep into the civil society to solve the contradictions in the neighborhood and gradually realize its own social claims . Zhou Dunyi ' s life as an official , he is at the local magistrate , is always due diligence , is good at the local people to resolve the criminal dispute . He also built schools , paid attention to education , and thus changed the people ' s air . Zhang put forward the political conception of restoring the " complex three generations " of Jingtian , feudal and clan system , and devoted to the good custom of town , which made it a new one in the local society and culture . He also took an active part in Wang ' anshi ' s transformation to realize the ideal of " Three - generation " . He also took an active part in Wang ' anshi ' s transformation . He also took an active part in Wang ' anshi ' s transformation to realize the ideal of " Three - generation " . However , he took an active part in academic research , did not seek official career , repeatedly declined to teach officials , but he regarded the emperor ' s moral education as the key to the realization of " three generations of the rule " . In fact , Cheng Yi also actively participated in the Party ' s campaign at the time , and became the leader of the famous " Luo Party " . Although there are differences in the methods of political practice , the " Neo - Confucianism " is consistent in the form of practice . As a whole , because of the specific political objective reasons , the " Five Principles of Neo - Confucianism " plays a positive role in the administration and reform of the local government . They are usually not only the achievements of the political achievement , but also the Confucian ethics and cultural education .

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B244;K244

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本文編號：1382026