本文關(guān)鍵詞：春秋家臣制度研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 春秋時(shí)期 家臣制 職官系統(tǒng) 宗法性

【摘要】： 春秋時(shí)期的家臣制是古代中國臣僚形態(tài)由族臣到朝臣轉(zhuǎn)化過程中的重要階段。對(duì)這一問題的探討是研究中國古代官制的發(fā)展演變和社會(huì)變革所必不可少的部分。國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)此問題的研究雖然取得了不小的成果,但缺乏對(duì)家臣的起源、發(fā)展、衰亡這一完整的演變過程的探究,不能完整地認(rèn)識(shí)家臣制度所反映出的社會(huì)歷史內(nèi)涵。本文在吸取前人成果的基礎(chǔ)上,力圖對(duì)春秋家臣職官系統(tǒng)的變化進(jìn)行研究,從而對(duì)春秋家臣制的整個(gè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)有更清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)。 文章主要分為四個(gè)部分：第一部分,對(duì)春秋家臣制的淵源——西周家臣制的形成及主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的研究。首先探討了西周家臣的形成。其后,根據(jù)金文材料總結(jié)出西周家臣制的宗法性特點(diǎn)和家臣職官系統(tǒng)模仿周王室官僚體系的特點(diǎn)。 第二部分,對(duì)春秋家臣的設(shè)置和職司進(jìn)行了研究。首先分析了春秋家臣職官系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的原因,即春秋以來分封權(quán)力下移,“諸侯立家”,卿大夫家政權(quán)實(shí)力的發(fā)展使得其內(nèi)部的家臣.職官系統(tǒng)也得到巨大發(fā)展。其后對(duì)卿大夫“朝”的發(fā)展、家朝家臣的設(shè)置及職司、采邑家臣的設(shè)置及職司分別進(jìn)行探討,這反映出春秋時(shí)期家臣職官系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,并向新的官僚體系轉(zhuǎn)化。 第三部分,對(duì)春秋家臣宗法性表現(xiàn)出的復(fù)雜狀態(tài)進(jìn)行研究,這一時(shí)期家臣的宗法性既有延續(xù)又有變革。這里,首先分析了影響春秋家臣宗法性的背景因素——卿大夫家族宗法制的存在與衰落。其后對(duì)反映家臣宗法性的各個(gè)方面的狀況進(jìn)行探討：第一,在宗法性家臣存在的同時(shí),非宗法性家臣也大量出現(xiàn),并且任用有才德的非宗法性家臣逐漸成為卿大夫擇才的趨勢(shì)；第二,探討了家臣對(duì)家主依附性的存在與變革。第三,對(duì)家主控制臣下的三種方式進(jìn)行了分析比較。通過對(duì)以上問題的研究,可以看出春秋時(shí)期家臣的宗法性正逐漸衰弱,新的用人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與新的主臣關(guān)系的形成也預(yù)示著傳統(tǒng)家臣制度走向瓦解,新的官僚制度正在形成。 第四部分,對(duì)家臣制度的瓦解及其與戰(zhàn)國官僚制度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了初步的探討。筆者認(rèn)為：春秋末期戰(zhàn)國初期,隨著分封制的瓦解,卿大夫階層的衰落,家臣制最終走向滅亡。但是由于一些卿大夫戰(zhàn)勝舊公室成為新君主,他們?cè)瓉淼募页甲匀怀蔀樾聡业墓倭?而春秋時(shí)期已經(jīng)發(fā)展了的家臣職官系統(tǒng)便成為新的官僚系統(tǒng),擺脫了宗法性的主臣關(guān)系也成為了新的君臣關(guān)系。由此,家臣制便成為戰(zhàn)國官僚制形成的重要途徑。
[Abstract]:The spring and Autumn period is an important stage in the transformation process of retainer system of ancient China officials by the race officials to form courtiers. The discussion of this issue is essential for development and social change of Chinese ancient system part of the domestic scholars. This issue has made no small achievement, but the lack of the origin of. The development and evolution of the decline on the whole, cannot know the complete retainer system reflects the social and historical connotation. This paper is based on the previous research, research to change on the spring retainer system, so as to have a clear understanding of the development trend of spring retainer system.
The article is divided into four parts: the first part: the formation of the Western Zhou Dynasty, retainer system and main contents of the origin of the spring retainer system for simple research. First discusses the formation of the Western Zhou Dynasty vassal. Subsequently, according to the inscriptions in Western Zhou Dynasty summed up the characteristics of the patriarchal system of retainers and his official system mimics Zhou Royal bureaucracy.
The second part, in the spring and Autumn period set retainer and duty are studied. First analyzes the reasons for the development of spring retainer system, namely the spring and Autumn Period feudal power down, "Zhu Hou Li Jia", the development of the strength of the bureaucrats regime makes its internal vassals. Official system has got great development. Then the bureaucrats "the development in retainer settings and functions, settings and functions respectively. A discussion, which reflects the further development of retainer system in the spring and Autumn period, and transformed into the new bureaucratic system.
The third part conducts the research to the spring retainer patriarchal exhibit complex, patriarchal retainers in this period is a continuation and change. Here, first analyzes the influencing factors of spring and autumn and fall in the background of the patriarchal retainers bureaucrats family patriarchal patriarchal retainers. Subsequently to reflect all aspects of the situation discussion: first, in the presence of patriarchal retainers and non patriarchal retainers also appeared in large numbers, and the appointment of Chafford's non patriarchal retainers gradually become bureaucrats to choose the trend; second, discusses the retainer on the master of the house there is attachment and change of. Third, three ways to control the liege lord were analyzed and compared. Through the above research, we can see that the patriarchal vassal in the spring and Autumn period is gradually weakened, the formation of new employment standards and the new master's relationship also indicates that the traditional family The system of Ministers is disintegrating and the new bureaucratic system is being formed.
The fourth part, a preliminary discussion on the collapse of the retainer system and its relationship with the bureaucracy of the Warring States period. The author thinks that the end of the spring and Autumn Warring States period, the collapse of the feudal system, the decline of bureaucrat stratum, retainer system ultimately doomed. But due to some bureaucrats defeated the old office to become the new monarch, their original nature. A new national bureaucrat, retainer system and the spring and Autumn period has already developed become bureaucratic system, get rid of the patriarchal nature of the master's relationship has become the new monarch. Thus, retainer system became an important way for the formation of the Warring States of the bureaucracy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K225

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 姚曉娟;周代家臣制度研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蘇斌;西周金文所見家臣研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1356163