近代青島市民心態(tài)研究（1898-1937）
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-26 16:13
【摘要】： 自1898年青島開埠,近代青島城市歷經(jīng)德占、日占與收回,獨特的城市發(fā)展道路使青島市民具有獨特的心態(tài)特征。本文主要從三個方面進行探討,包括殖民占領(lǐng)所形成的殖民地心態(tài)、移民建城所特有的移民心態(tài)、市民形成過程中形成的新市民心態(tài)。在城市發(fā)展的不同階段,市民心態(tài)各有其時代特征;在不同市民階層當(dāng)中,市民心態(tài)也有所差異。本文著重從時間與空間兩方面入手、從總體到部分分層面敘述,以橫向歷史發(fā)展順序為經(jīng),以縱向市民階層為緯,多角度探討總結(jié)近代青島市民心態(tài)。 從城市發(fā)展過程來看,1898年至1914年德占時期,青島城市從建立到初具規(guī)模,市民社會也隨之開始崛起。這時市民意識尚不清晰,市民心態(tài)脆弱,充滿了對城市的疏離感、對外國人的依賴感和對外地人的排斥感。1914年至1922年日本占領(lǐng)青島,1922年后中國收回青島,但城市命脈仍然掌握在日本手中,自1929年后青島主權(quán)才真正收歸中國政府,并開始新發(fā)展,在這一時期市民社會走向完善成熟,市民心態(tài)也逐漸穩(wěn)定并形成獨有特色,安于城市生活,對殖民壓迫形成強烈反抗,對城市本身的責(zé)任感也與日俱增。近代青島獨特的城市發(fā)展歷史,造就了近代青島市民。近代青島市民在城市形成建立的過程中,完成了從移民到新市民的身份轉(zhuǎn)變;在各種政權(quán)勢力交替中,完成了對自我市民身份的認知,逐漸形成了對城市公共事業(yè)的責(zé)任感。 總體來看,1898年到1937年期間,近代青島市民因其優(yōu)越的城市條件與生存環(huán)境而充滿了驕傲感,并產(chǎn)生排外情緒;歷經(jīng)德日殖民統(tǒng)治,近代青島市民對外國人又愛又恨,既崇尚其先進的物質(zhì)生活,又強烈地反抗著殖民所必然帶來的暴力壓迫;近代青島市民隨著城市的新興而產(chǎn)生,思想開放,兼容并包,既無傳統(tǒng)觀念的束縛也缺乏傳統(tǒng)文化的根基。 因近代青島特殊的發(fā)展歷程,本文特別以下層勞動者與上層精英為例進行探討。在近代城市興起的過程中,市民的近代化在下層勞動者身上有著突出體現(xiàn),他們自信而開放,文明而有序,近代化的演變過程典型地體現(xiàn)在他們的這些心態(tài)中。近代青島特有的歷史背景使得在一定時期遺老貴族群體和文化名人群體成為城市市民上層主流,他們追求物質(zhì)享受并樂于傳播文化,作為上層精英,他們的心態(tài)對市民群體產(chǎn)生了深遠影響,他們的言行主導(dǎo)著這個城市的物質(zhì)追求與輿論導(dǎo)向。 探討近代青島市民心態(tài),是對近代青島歷史的再梳理,也是研究近代青島人心態(tài)的一個小小開端;既是對過去的認知過程,也是對現(xiàn)在自我的重新認識過程。
[Abstract]:Since the port of Qingdao was opened in 1898, the modern city of Qingdao has experienced German occupation, Japanese occupation and recovery. The unique road of urban development has made Qingdao citizens have unique psychological characteristics. This paper mainly discusses from three aspects, including colonial mentality formed by colonial occupation, immigration mentality unique to the establishment of a city by immigrants, and new citizen mentality formed in the process of citizen formation. In the different stages of urban development, the mentality of the citizens has its own characteristics of the times, and the mentality of the citizens varies among the different classes of the citizens. This article focuses on the two aspects of time and space, from the whole to part of the level of narrative, horizontal historical development order as longitudinally, vertical citizen class as the latitude, multi-angle discussion and summary of modern Qingdao citizen mentality. From the urban development process, from 1898 to 1914 German occupation period, Qingdao city from the establishment to the initial scale, the civil society also began to rise. At this time, citizens' consciousness is still unclear, their mentality is fragile, they are full of feelings of alienation from the city, a sense of dependence on foreigners and a sense of exclusion from outsiders. Japan occupied Qingdao from 1914 to 1922, and after 1922, China returned to Qingdao. However, the lifeline of the city is still in the hands of Japan. Only after 1929 did the sovereignty of Qingdao really belong to the Chinese government, and began new development. During this period, the civil society became perfect and mature, and the mentality of the citizens was gradually stabilized and formed a unique feature. City life, strong resistance to colonial oppression, the sense of responsibility towards the city itself is growing. The unique history of Qingdao's urban development in modern times brought up the citizens of Qingdao in modern times. In the course of the formation and establishment of the city in modern times, Qingdao citizens completed the identity transformation from immigration to new citizens; in the alternation of various power forces, they completed their cognition of self-identity of citizens, and gradually formed a sense of responsibility for urban public services. Generally speaking, from 1898 to 1937, the modern citizens of Qingdao were full of pride and xenophobia because of their superior urban conditions and living environment. After the colonial rule of Germany and Japan, the citizens of Qingdao in modern times loved and hated foreigners. They not only advocated their advanced material life, but also strongly resisted the violent oppression inevitably brought about by colonization. With the emergence of the city, the citizens of Qingdao in modern times are open-minded and inclusive, without the bondage of the traditional ideas and the foundation of the traditional culture. As a result of the special development course of Qingdao in modern times, this paper discusses the lower level labourers and the upper elites as an example. In the process of the rise of modern cities, the modernization of citizens is reflected in the lower class labourers. They are confident and open, civilized and orderly, and the evolution process of modernization is typically reflected in their mentality. The special historical background of Qingdao in modern times makes the old aristocrat group and the cultural celebrity group become the upper mainstream of the city citizen in a certain period, they pursue material enjoyment and are willing to spread the culture, as the upper elite, Their mentality has far-reaching influence on the citizen group, their words and deeds dominate the material pursuit and public opinion orientation of the city. Discussing the mentality of the citizens of Qingdao in modern times is not only a re-carding of the history of Qingdao in modern times, but also a small beginning of studying the mentality of Qingdao people in modern times; it is not only the cognitive process of the past, but also the process of re-understanding the present self.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K295
本文編號：2447714
[Abstract]:Since the port of Qingdao was opened in 1898, the modern city of Qingdao has experienced German occupation, Japanese occupation and recovery. The unique road of urban development has made Qingdao citizens have unique psychological characteristics. This paper mainly discusses from three aspects, including colonial mentality formed by colonial occupation, immigration mentality unique to the establishment of a city by immigrants, and new citizen mentality formed in the process of citizen formation. In the different stages of urban development, the mentality of the citizens has its own characteristics of the times, and the mentality of the citizens varies among the different classes of the citizens. This article focuses on the two aspects of time and space, from the whole to part of the level of narrative, horizontal historical development order as longitudinally, vertical citizen class as the latitude, multi-angle discussion and summary of modern Qingdao citizen mentality. From the urban development process, from 1898 to 1914 German occupation period, Qingdao city from the establishment to the initial scale, the civil society also began to rise. At this time, citizens' consciousness is still unclear, their mentality is fragile, they are full of feelings of alienation from the city, a sense of dependence on foreigners and a sense of exclusion from outsiders. Japan occupied Qingdao from 1914 to 1922, and after 1922, China returned to Qingdao. However, the lifeline of the city is still in the hands of Japan. Only after 1929 did the sovereignty of Qingdao really belong to the Chinese government, and began new development. During this period, the civil society became perfect and mature, and the mentality of the citizens was gradually stabilized and formed a unique feature. City life, strong resistance to colonial oppression, the sense of responsibility towards the city itself is growing. The unique history of Qingdao's urban development in modern times brought up the citizens of Qingdao in modern times. In the course of the formation and establishment of the city in modern times, Qingdao citizens completed the identity transformation from immigration to new citizens; in the alternation of various power forces, they completed their cognition of self-identity of citizens, and gradually formed a sense of responsibility for urban public services. Generally speaking, from 1898 to 1937, the modern citizens of Qingdao were full of pride and xenophobia because of their superior urban conditions and living environment. After the colonial rule of Germany and Japan, the citizens of Qingdao in modern times loved and hated foreigners. They not only advocated their advanced material life, but also strongly resisted the violent oppression inevitably brought about by colonization. With the emergence of the city, the citizens of Qingdao in modern times are open-minded and inclusive, without the bondage of the traditional ideas and the foundation of the traditional culture. As a result of the special development course of Qingdao in modern times, this paper discusses the lower level labourers and the upper elites as an example. In the process of the rise of modern cities, the modernization of citizens is reflected in the lower class labourers. They are confident and open, civilized and orderly, and the evolution process of modernization is typically reflected in their mentality. The special historical background of Qingdao in modern times makes the old aristocrat group and the cultural celebrity group become the upper mainstream of the city citizen in a certain period, they pursue material enjoyment and are willing to spread the culture, as the upper elite, Their mentality has far-reaching influence on the citizen group, their words and deeds dominate the material pursuit and public opinion orientation of the city. Discussing the mentality of the citizens of Qingdao in modern times is not only a re-carding of the history of Qingdao in modern times, but also a small beginning of studying the mentality of Qingdao people in modern times; it is not only the cognitive process of the past, but also the process of re-understanding the present self.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K295
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