【摘要】：城市的近代變遷是近代中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)變遷的重要組成部分,其中一個(gè)重要方面就是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)職能由傳統(tǒng)城市的消費(fèi)功能向近代城市的生產(chǎn)功能演進(jìn)。近代城市是人們重要的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)場所,擔(dān)當(dāng)著推進(jìn)工業(yè)化的重任。而工業(yè)化時(shí)代手工業(yè)在城市生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域中依然占有重要的地位,發(fā)揮著重要作用。在濟(jì)南的近代變遷中,城市手工業(yè)經(jīng)歷了未曾有過的變化與發(fā)展。本文即以近代濟(jì)南的城市手工業(yè)為對(duì)象,考察這一變化的原因、內(nèi)涵以及其對(duì)濟(jì)南經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的意義,并分析其發(fā)展變遷所面臨的制約因素。 20世紀(jì)前半期濟(jì)南城市手工業(yè)的發(fā)展變遷是工業(yè)化、市場、商人、政府等多種因素作用下的結(jié)果。其中,政府起到了主導(dǎo)作用,市場具有導(dǎo)向作用,商人是手工業(yè)發(fā)展變遷的主體,而工業(yè)化為手工業(yè)的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。20世紀(jì)前半期,濟(jì)南城市手工業(yè)不僅在數(shù)量上有較大發(fā)展,且經(jīng)歷了行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。在技術(shù)方面,近代濟(jì)南城市手工業(yè)表現(xiàn)出新舊結(jié)合,技術(shù)兩級(jí)分化的局面。隨著手工業(yè)的發(fā)展,手工業(yè)的行業(yè)組織由行會(huì)向同業(yè)公會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變,但其內(nèi)在的轉(zhuǎn)變歷程深受濟(jì)南手工業(yè)發(fā)展程度的影響。手工業(yè)的發(fā)展還引起了行業(yè)間關(guān)系的演變,互補(bǔ)互動(dòng)性是行業(yè)間關(guān)系的主流�？偠灾�,20世紀(jì)前半期濟(jì)南城市手工業(yè)在傳統(tǒng)中經(jīng)歷著近代變遷,傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的交織是其所具有的時(shí)代品質(zhì)。 政治環(huán)境動(dòng)蕩、市場條件變化以及資金、技術(shù)、人才缺乏等多方面的因素制約著濟(jì)南城市手工業(yè)的近代變遷。濟(jì)南手工業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的制約因素表明一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境是經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展的必備條件,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)能夠推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代型政府以及傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)者和商人的近代轉(zhuǎn)型是傳統(tǒng)城市在自我轉(zhuǎn)型與發(fā)展的過程中亟待解決的問題。 城市手工業(yè)的近代變遷對(duì)濟(jì)南城市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷產(chǎn)生了較大影響。城市手工業(yè)的發(fā)展造就了“手工業(yè)之濟(jì)南市”,豐富了濟(jì)南城市工業(yè)化的內(nèi)容。城市手工業(yè)的發(fā)展吸收大量人口就業(yè),促成了近代濟(jì)南人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展沒有給手工業(yè)工人帶來生活上的富足以及財(cái)產(chǎn)的占有,社會(huì)財(cái)富的不平等分配加劇了社會(huì)分化,城市手工業(yè)工人作為城市下層社會(huì)群體而存在。但從社會(huì)發(fā)展的整體角度,城市手工業(yè)提供了大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),使?jié)系纳鐣?huì)張力得以舒緩,保持了城市社會(huì)的基本穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:The modern changes of cities are an important part of the economic and social changes in modern China. One of the important aspects is the evolution of urban economic functions from the consumption functions of traditional cities to the production functions of modern cities. The modern city is an important place for people's production and activities, and plays an important role in promoting industrialization. Handicraft industry still plays an important role in the field of urban production in the industrial era. In the modern vicissitude of Jinan, the city handicraft industry has experienced unprecedented changes and development. This article takes the modern city handicraft industry of Jinan as the object, examines the reason, the connotation and the significance of this change to the economic and social development of Jinan, and analyzes the restrictive factors of its development and vicissitude. In the first half of the 20th century, the development and vicissitude of Jinan city handicraft industry was the result of many factors, such as industrialization, market, businessman, government and so on. Among them, the government played a leading role, the market played a leading role, businessmen were the main body of the development and change of handicraft industry, and industrialization created the conditions for the development of handicraft industry. The handicraft industry in Jinan city has not only developed in quantity, but also experienced the changes of industry structure and production structure. In terms of technology, modern Jinan city handicraft industry showed a new and old combination, two-level differentiation of technology. With the development of handicraft industry, the trade organization of handicraft industry changed from guild to guild, but its internal transformation process was influenced by the degree of handicraft development in Jinan. The development of handicraft industry also leads to the evolution of the relationship between industries, complementary interaction is the mainstream of inter-industry relations. In short, in the first half of the 20th century, the city handicraft industry of Jinan experienced modern changes in tradition, and the interweaving of tradition and modern is the quality of the times. The political environment turbulence, the market condition change as well as the fund, the technology, the talented person and so on many aspects factor restricts the Jinan city handicraft industry modern vicissitude. The restrictive factors in the development of handicraft industry in Jinan indicate that a stable political and economic environment is a necessary condition for the healthy development of economy. To create a modern government which can promote economic development and the modern transformation of traditional craftsmen and businessmen is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of self-transformation and development of traditional cities. The modern changes of urban handicraft industry have a great influence on the social and economic changes of Jinan city. The development of city handicraft industry has brought up Jinan city of handicraft industry and enriched the content of Jinan city industrialization. The development of urban handicraft industry absorbed a large number of population employment, which contributed to the change of population structure in Jinan in modern times. Although the development of economy has not brought wealth to handicraft workers and the possession of property, the unequal distribution of social wealth has aggravated the social differentiation, and the city handicraft workers exist as urban lower social groups. However, from the perspective of social development, urban handicraft industry provides a lot of employment opportunities, so that the social tension in Jinan can be eased, and the basic stability of urban society has been maintained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K295.2;F429

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