【摘要】：晚清民國(guó)是焦作地區(qū)由傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。焦作煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量豐富,煤炭開(kāi)采在日常生活中占據(jù)重要地位。十九世紀(jì)末,英帝國(guó)主義通過(guò)強(qiáng)權(quán)獲得了在懷慶府治內(nèi)的開(kāi)采權(quán),福公司進(jìn)駐焦作之后,煤礦開(kāi)采力度加大,礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了城市建設(shè)。人口增多,工商業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,文化事業(yè)也逐漸完善,社會(huì)風(fēng)貌也發(fā)生了巨大而顯著的變化。 焦作經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,吸引了大批人員前來(lái)做工,人口的聚集和需求的增加活躍了市場(chǎng),商品化程度較高,社會(huì)生活的變遷因而更加迅速、明顯。人們的物質(zhì)生活有了極大的改善,社會(huì)生活最表層的服飾、飲食、居住、交通四個(gè)方面,變化最為明顯。物質(zhì)生活變化的同時(shí),精神生活也在潛移默化中發(fā)生變化。除了傳統(tǒng)的廟會(huì)、戲曲娛樂(lè)之外,新的娛樂(lè)方式如電影、公園、體育等也逐漸進(jìn)入了日常生活,極大地豐富了人們的精神世界�；樗住仕�、節(jié)俗等呈現(xiàn)出文明時(shí)尚,但同時(shí)保留著就有的傳統(tǒng),并存在一些封建陋俗。焦作社會(huì)生活變遷呈現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的雙重變奏的特色,也是中西新舊思想交匯碰撞的結(jié)果。 新式學(xué)堂的建立,尤其是焦作路礦學(xué)堂的建立,使得大批知識(shí)分子集聚焦作,增添了城市的文化氛圍。公路、自來(lái)水、劇院、公園等城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐步完善,加快了焦作城市化進(jìn)程。 以這段時(shí)間焦作為研究對(duì)象,系統(tǒng)再現(xiàn)焦作地區(qū)從晚清到建國(guó)前社會(huì)生活方面的細(xì)節(jié),有利于彌補(bǔ)這一時(shí)期有關(guān)焦作人們生活狀態(tài)研究的不足,更好把握焦作“以礦興市”資源型城市發(fā)展的歷史。
[Abstract]:The late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were the key period of the transition from traditional society to modern society in Jiaozuo area. Jiaozuo coal reserves rich, coal mining in daily life occupies an important position. At the end of the 19th century, the British imperialists obtained the mining rights in the Huai Qing government by power. After the Fukuo company was stationed in Jiaozuo, the coal mining force increased, and the development of mining economy led to the urban construction. With the increase of population, the rapid development of industry and commerce, the gradual improvement of cultural undertakings, great and remarkable changes have taken place in social features. With the development of Jiaozuo economy, a large number of people come to work, the market is active with the population gathering and the demand increasing, the degree of commercialization is higher, and the change of social life is more rapid and obvious. People's material life has been greatly improved, the most obvious changes are in the four aspects of social life: clothing, diet, living and transportation. While the material life changes, the spiritual life also changes in the subtle change. In addition to traditional temple fairs, opera entertainment, new entertainment methods such as movies, parks, sports and so on have gradually entered into daily life, greatly enriched the spiritual world of people. Marriage custom, funeral custom, festival custom and so on present civilization fashion, but at the same time retains some tradition, and exists some feudal vulgar. The change of social life in Jiaozuo is characterized by the dual variation of tradition and modernity, and is also the result of the collision between Chinese and Western ideas. The establishment of new school, especially Jiaozuo Road School, makes a large number of intellectuals gather in Jiaozuo, adding to the cultural atmosphere of the city. Roads, tap water, theatres, parks and other urban infrastructure gradually improved, accelerating the urbanization process of Jiaozuo. Taking Jiaozuo as the research object during this period, the details of social life in Jiaozuo area from the late Qing Dynasty to the pre-founding period were systematically reproduced, which was helpful to make up for the deficiency of the study on the living conditions of the Jiaozuo people in this period. Better grasp the history of Jiaozuo's resource city development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K29

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