【摘要】：山東素以民風(fēng)驃悍著稱,土匪的歷史源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。近代以來(lái),隨著中央統(tǒng)治力 的日漸衰弱,山東政局也日趨于動(dòng)蕩,社會(huì)黑暗,民不聊生,由此造成匪患猖獗 的狀況。本文基于現(xiàn)有資料并借助社會(huì)學(xué)、犯罪心理學(xué)、法學(xué)等方面知識(shí),對(duì)近 代山東土匪問(wèn)題的成因、其與山東各方政治勢(shì)力的關(guān)系以及由此給近代山東社會(huì) 造成的影響進(jìn)行了初步的探索。 土匪行為作為弱勢(shì)群體對(duì)于病態(tài)社會(huì)的自然反應(yīng),其產(chǎn)生的原因是極其復(fù)雜 的�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),軍閥混戰(zhàn)、吏治腐敗、頻繁發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害等是山東匪患猖獗的 主導(dǎo)因素,自然地理環(huán)境、歷史文化傳承、民眾性格、社會(huì)法制體系等諸多方面 也與這一現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系密切。山東山地較多,魯西南更是泊澤羅布,這樣的地 理環(huán)境為匪患的滋生提供了隱蔽、藏身之處;《水滸傳》中對(duì)土匪生活的浪漫描寫 及其中對(duì)于土匪戰(zhàn)術(shù)的介紹,無(wú)意中對(duì)匪患的形成起到了精神支撐與戰(zhàn)術(shù)指導(dǎo)的 作用。山東人特有的驃悍性格、雄健的身體特征為土匪勢(shì)力的形成提供了體力支 撐,而酗酒、吸食鴉片等不良嗜好也增加了人們?yōu)榉说目赡苄?不合理的婚姻結(jié) 構(gòu)與法制體系,使得匪幫成為逃避社會(huì)不公的理想歸宿,充足的武器來(lái)源使得山 東匪幫戰(zhàn)斗力極強(qiáng)且不易剿滅。 在政局變幻莫測(cè)的近代山東,各國(guó)勢(shì)力根據(jù)自己不同的需要對(duì)土匪采取了撫 不同的策略:傳教士以其樂(lè)善好施的外表及特有的庇護(hù)功能贏得了土匪的好感, 而他們也順利將土匪變?yōu)槠鋽U(kuò)大自身的影響的媒介。列強(qiáng)政府則頻頻以洋票事件 為借口,聲稱中國(guó)無(wú)力保護(hù)外人安全,妄圖挑起國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端,干涉中國(guó)內(nèi)政。日本 是山東土匪的強(qiáng)力后盾,在武器、人員等方面為其提供了全面的幫助,并利用土 匪制造混亂以達(dá)到其不可告人的政治目的。侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,土匪武裝成為日本人 的先鋒部隊(duì)以及偽軍的重要兵源。 民國(guó)政府對(duì)土匪問(wèn)題也態(tài)度不一:張樹元、鄭士琦、韓復(fù)榘在位期間對(duì)土匪 大力進(jìn)剿,并取得了一定的成效。而田中玉則因臨城劫車案件成為北洋政府媚外 的政治犧牲品,被迫下臺(tái)。土匪出身的張宗昌在位期間橫征暴斂,造成民不聊生、 大批為匪的局面,而張則因忙于軍閥混戰(zhàn)而無(wú)力剿匪,其統(tǒng)治期間匪患日益猖獗。 共產(chǎn)黨人根據(jù)不同時(shí)期革命形勢(shì)的發(fā)展需要,對(duì)土匪武裝也采取了不同的策
[Abstract]:Shandong is famous for its folk style, and bandits have a long history. Since modern times, with the gradual weakening of the central government, the political situation in Shandong has become increasingly turbulent, social darkness, and the people living in poverty. This led to rampant banditry. Based on the existing data and with the help of sociology, criminal psychology, law and other aspects, this paper analyzes the causes of banditry in Shandong in recent generations. Its relationship with various political forces in Shandong Province and its influence on modern Shandong society were preliminarily explored. Banditry, as a natural reaction of vulnerable groups to sick society, is caused by complicated reasons. In general, warlords fighting, corruption of officials, frequent natural disasters and so on are the leading factors of rampant banditry in Shandong, natural geographical environment, historical and cultural heritage, and the character of the people. Social legal system and many other aspects are also closely related to the emergence of this phenomenon. Shandong has more mountainous areas, and southwest Shandong is even more Pozelopu. Such a geographical environment provides a cover for the breeding of banditry. Where to hide; the romantic description of bandits' life in the Water margin and the introduction to bandits' tactics, Inadvertently the formation of banditry played a spiritual support and tactical guidance role. The unique character of the Shandong people, the vigorous physical characteristics of the formation of bandits provide the physical support, and alcoholism, Bad habits such as opium use also increase the possibility that people are bandits; irrational marriage structures and legal systems make gangsters an ideal destination for escaping social injustice. Sufficient sources of weapons make the Yamadong bandits extremely effective and difficult to exterminate. In modern Shandong, where the political situation is unpredictable, According to their different needs, the forces of various countries have adopted different strategies to caress the bandits: missionaries have won the bandits by virtue of their benevolent appearance and their unique sheltering function. Good feelings, and they also successfully turned bandits into their own expansion of the influence of the media. The governments of foreign powers frequently use the foreign vote incident as an excuse, claiming that China is unable to protect outsiders' security, attempting to provoke international disputes and interfere in China's internal affairs. Japan is a powerful backing for bandits in Shandong and has provided them with comprehensive assistance in terms of weapons, personnel, etc. Bandits were used to create chaos for their ulterior political purposes. During the invasion of China, bandits became the vanguard of the Japanese and an important source of the puppet army. The government of the Republic of China also had different attitudes on banditry: Zhang Shuyuan, Zheng Shiqi and Han Fu-chu made great efforts to suppress the bandits during their reign, and achieved certain results. Tian Zhongyu was forced to step down because of the carjacking case in Lincheng, which became a political victim of the Beiyang government. During the reign of Zhang Zongchang, who was born by bandits, he collected and collected, resulting in a situation where the people were in dire straits and a large number of bandits, while Zhang was unable to suppress bandits because he was busy fighting between warlords, and the bandits became increasingly rampant during his reign. According to the needs of the development of the revolutionary situation in different periods, the Communists also adopted different strategies for the bandit armed forces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K295

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 閆英華;山東盜文化初探[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

2 范明明;臨城劫車案及其善后[D];蘭州大學(xué);2011年

3 儲(chǔ)鑫;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的民間武裝與社會(huì)秩序[D];華中師范大學(xué);2008年

4 張桂霞;民國(guó)時(shí)期熱河匪患及其治理[D];河北大學(xué);2010年

5 馬文杰;周馥主政山東研究（1902-1904）[D];青島大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2192167