近代東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 19:28
【摘要】：近代是一個劇烈變革的時代。中國在政治、經濟、思想觀念、社會生活等各方面都出現(xiàn)近代化轉型,東北地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)也在此時發(fā)生了前所未有的變革。本文即以近代東北地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)為研究對象,試圖對其發(fā)展的背景、發(fā)展的概況及其特征和所產生的社會影響作一個全面、系統(tǒng)的梳理和研究,以期對現(xiàn)今社會的慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展提供一定的借鑒和啟示。本文論述的時間范圍是從1840-1949年整個近代時期,論述的空間范圍主要是東北三省。本文主要分為五個部分： 緒論部分：這一部分主要對本選題的選題意義、研究現(xiàn)狀以及選題的創(chuàng)新與不足等做出闡述。 第二部分：對近代東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的背景進行探析,主要包括東北的歷史地理與自然災害,近代東北的政治環(huán)境、經濟狀況以及西方慈善思想與實踐的影響。通過對背景的分析,了解當時東北整個社會大環(huán)境,以求正視東北慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展概況及特點。 第三部分：主要對東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展進行階段性分析。主要分四個階段：第一階段是日俄戰(zhàn)爭以前(1840-1904年)東北的慈善事業(yè),第二階段是日俄戰(zhàn)爭至民國以前(1904-1912年)東北的慈善事業(yè),第三階段是民國以后至“九一八”事變以前(1912-1931年)東北的慈善事業(yè),第四階段是“九一八”事變以后至新中國成立前(1931-1949年)東北的慈善事業(yè)。 第四部分：這一部分主要有兩個內容,第一個內容是主要對東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的特點進行分析。特點一是東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)總體發(fā)展遲滯,主要是因為一方面,東北地區(qū)地廣人稀,遇到災害可以依靠自然的調節(jié)能力緩解災害,慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展空間受限,另一方面,東北開發(fā)較晚,地方經濟薄弱,限制了慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展；特點二是產生了中國最早的紅十字會救濟與紅十字組織；特點三是地域發(fā)展不平衡；特點四是組織人員多樣化；特點五是慈善內容多樣化。這一部分的第二個內容是對東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的影響進行評價。東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展促進東北民眾素質的提高,促進了東北的開發(fā),促進了東北近代醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的發(fā)展,促進了近代教育的進步,緩和了社會矛盾,穩(wěn)定了社會秩序。第五部分：結語部分主要是對前文的總結,闡述東北慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展對當今社會慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的啟示和借鑒意義。借鑒一是加強慈善文化的建設；借鑒二是以官方慈善為引導,擴大民辦慈善力量。 本文既站在宏觀的角度對近代東北地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)做了全面的把握,同時也對東北地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)中的重點事件進行了分析,比如對近代龐大的“闖關東”流民浪潮的救助、中國最早的紅十字會組織的產生、近代公共衛(wèi)生事業(yè)和防疫事業(yè)的初步建立等典型案例進行了探析,以期展現(xiàn)近代東北慈善事業(yè)的全貌。
[Abstract]:Modern times are a time of dramatic change. In politics, economy, ideology, social life and so on, China has undergone a modern transformation, and the philanthropy in Northeast China has also undergone unprecedented changes at this time. In this paper, the philanthropy in the northeast of modern times is taken as the research object, trying to make a comprehensive, systematic research on the background, the general situation and the characteristics of the development and the social impact. In order to provide a certain reference and inspiration for the development of charity in today's society. The time range discussed in this paper is from 1840-1949 to the whole modern period. This paper is divided into five parts: introduction: this part mainly describes the significance of this topic, the status quo of the topic and the innovation and shortcomings of the topic. The second part analyzes the background of the development of philanthropy in modern Northeast China, including the historical geography and natural disasters in Northeast China, the political environment, economic situation and the influence of western philanthropy thought and practice in modern times. Through the analysis of the background, we can understand the whole social environment of Northeast China at that time, in order to face up to the general situation and characteristics of the development of charity in Northeast China. The third part: mainly carries on the stage analysis to the northeast area philanthropy development. There are four main stages: the first stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War (1840-1904), and the second stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War to the Republic of China (1904-1912). The third stage is from the Republic of China to the Northeast before the September 18 incident (1912-1931), and the fourth stage is from the September 18 incident to the founding of New China (1931-1949). Part four: there are two main contents in this part. The first is to analyze the characteristics of philanthropy in Northeast China. The first feature is that the overall development of philanthropy in the Northeast is lagging behind, mainly because, on the one hand, the Northeast region is sparsely populated, the disaster can be mitigated by natural adjustment capabilities, the space for the development of philanthropy is limited, and on the other hand, The development of Northeast China is late and the local economy is weak, which limits the development of charity; the second characteristic is the earliest relief and organization of Red Cross in China, the third is the imbalance of regional development, the fourth is the diversification of organization personnel; The fifth feature is the diversity of charitable content. The second part of this part is to evaluate the impact of the development of philanthropy in Northeast China. The development of philanthropy in Northeast China promotes the improvement of the quality of the people in Northeast China, the development of Northeast China, the development of modern medical and health services in Northeast China, the progress of modern education, the relaxation of social contradictions and the stabilization of social order. The fifth part: the conclusion is a summary of the above, expounding the enlightenment and reference significance of the development of charity in Northeast China. The first is to strengthen the construction of charity culture, and the other is to expand the private charity power under the guidance of official charity. This paper not only makes a comprehensive grasp of the philanthropy in the Northeast in modern times from a macro perspective, but also analyzes the key events in the philanthropy of the Northeast, such as the rescue of the huge wave of displaced people in modern times. The emergence of the earliest Red Cross organization in China, the initial establishment of public health and epidemic prevention in modern times, and other typical cases are analyzed in order to show the overall picture of modern philanthropy in Northeast China.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K293
本文編號：2180113
[Abstract]:Modern times are a time of dramatic change. In politics, economy, ideology, social life and so on, China has undergone a modern transformation, and the philanthropy in Northeast China has also undergone unprecedented changes at this time. In this paper, the philanthropy in the northeast of modern times is taken as the research object, trying to make a comprehensive, systematic research on the background, the general situation and the characteristics of the development and the social impact. In order to provide a certain reference and inspiration for the development of charity in today's society. The time range discussed in this paper is from 1840-1949 to the whole modern period. This paper is divided into five parts: introduction: this part mainly describes the significance of this topic, the status quo of the topic and the innovation and shortcomings of the topic. The second part analyzes the background of the development of philanthropy in modern Northeast China, including the historical geography and natural disasters in Northeast China, the political environment, economic situation and the influence of western philanthropy thought and practice in modern times. Through the analysis of the background, we can understand the whole social environment of Northeast China at that time, in order to face up to the general situation and characteristics of the development of charity in Northeast China. The third part: mainly carries on the stage analysis to the northeast area philanthropy development. There are four main stages: the first stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War (1840-1904), and the second stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War to the Republic of China (1904-1912). The third stage is from the Republic of China to the Northeast before the September 18 incident (1912-1931), and the fourth stage is from the September 18 incident to the founding of New China (1931-1949). Part four: there are two main contents in this part. The first is to analyze the characteristics of philanthropy in Northeast China. The first feature is that the overall development of philanthropy in the Northeast is lagging behind, mainly because, on the one hand, the Northeast region is sparsely populated, the disaster can be mitigated by natural adjustment capabilities, the space for the development of philanthropy is limited, and on the other hand, The development of Northeast China is late and the local economy is weak, which limits the development of charity; the second characteristic is the earliest relief and organization of Red Cross in China, the third is the imbalance of regional development, the fourth is the diversification of organization personnel; The fifth feature is the diversity of charitable content. The second part of this part is to evaluate the impact of the development of philanthropy in Northeast China. The development of philanthropy in Northeast China promotes the improvement of the quality of the people in Northeast China, the development of Northeast China, the development of modern medical and health services in Northeast China, the progress of modern education, the relaxation of social contradictions and the stabilization of social order. The fifth part: the conclusion is a summary of the above, expounding the enlightenment and reference significance of the development of charity in Northeast China. The first is to strengthen the construction of charity culture, and the other is to expand the private charity power under the guidance of official charity. This paper not only makes a comprehensive grasp of the philanthropy in the Northeast in modern times from a macro perspective, but also analyzes the key events in the philanthropy of the Northeast, such as the rescue of the huge wave of displaced people in modern times. The emergence of the earliest Red Cross organization in China, the initial establishment of public health and epidemic prevention in modern times, and other typical cases are analyzed in order to show the overall picture of modern philanthropy in Northeast China.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K293
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