明清白鹿洞書院志的修纂研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 21:30
【摘要】：地方志是記載一個地區(qū)的博物之書,府有府志、州有州志、縣有縣志,種類繁多。舉凡一地一方之建置沿革、自然地理、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化教育、民風(fēng)民俗等各方面情況無所不載。志書在體例、體裁、作用和價值等方面與史書有著明顯的不同。志書重在經(jīng)緯結(jié)合,在橫排門類的基礎(chǔ)上縱述歷史,因而有了“史體”與“志體”之分。書院志寺廟志、山水志等都屬于廣義上的地方志,是地方志中的一種專門志,是記載書院歷史沿革、自然環(huán)境、講學(xué)情況、藏書印書、管理辦法、祭祀、學(xué)田等書院相關(guān)情況的歷史典籍。修纂書院志,既要有別于修史書又要有別于修行政區(qū)劃類的地方志。其體例與大多數(shù)行政區(qū)劃類的舊志類似,以綱目體為主,它的體裁也同樣包括了述、記、志、傳、圖、表、錄等。但書院志也有其獨(dú)特的修纂方法和價值,有必要區(qū)別于行政區(qū)劃類的地方志單獨(dú)討論。書院志與行政區(qū)劃類的地方志最大的區(qū)別當(dāng)在于志書的性質(zhì)不同,性質(zhì)不同又使得志書內(nèi)容的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。就地方志的性質(zhì)而言,清代學(xué)者主要存在兩種不同的意見。以戴震為代表的一眾乾嘉考據(jù)學(xué)者看來,地方志屬地理專書,首重歷史沿革;以章學(xué)誠為代表的文獻(xiàn)派認(rèn)為,地方志掌地方史,首重保存一方之文獻(xiàn),為國史取材所用。書院志地域較小,功能單一,地理成分較少,似乎更傾向于章學(xué)誠的觀點(diǎn)。在地方志的修纂理論方面,他所提出的詩文入志的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即有補(bǔ)于證史、有裨益于社會風(fēng)教、有助于保存一方文獻(xiàn)等,對于書院志的修纂非常受用。書院志門類設(shè)置、人物傳的編修原則、篇目結(jié)構(gòu)等方面也都可以以章學(xué)誠的方志學(xué)理論加以討論,但需要具體問題具體分析。一直以來,方志學(xué)界往往更多地關(guān)注于省、府、州、廳、縣等行政區(qū)劃類的地方志,而對于書院志卻鮮有涉及。位于江西廬山的白鹿洞書院是中國古代“四大書院”之一,具有中國古代書院的一般特征,且極具代表性。從書院志的修纂情況來看,白鹿洞書院志在歷史上曾歷經(jīng)六次重修,付梓再版更是多達(dá)十余次,執(zhí)天下書院之牛耳。流傳至今的白鹿洞書院志即多達(dá)五種。它們比較完整地記錄了白鹿洞書院一千余年的興衰歷史,是難得的專門記載中國古代書院的歷史文獻(xiàn)。本文主要以白鹿洞書院志為例,運(yùn)用方志學(xué)的理論知識,尤其是以章學(xué)誠為代表的清代方志學(xué)家提出的方志學(xué)理論來討論白鹿洞書院志的修纂。
[Abstract]:Local chronicles are records of a region of history books, the government has government records, state records, counties have county records, a variety of. Where the establishment of one party history, natural geography, economy, military, culture and education, folk customs and other aspects of the situation. There are obvious differences in style, genre, function and value between annals and historical books. The chronicle combines the longitude and weft and narrates the history on the basis of the cross-row category, so it has the distinction of "historical style" and "Shi style". The history of the academy, the history of the temple, the history of the lecture, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice are recorded in the history of the academy, the natural environment, the lectures, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice. Xuetian and other academies related to the history of the book. The compilation of records of academies is not only different from the history books but also from the local records of administrative divisions. Its style is similar to the old records of most administrative divisions and is mainly programmatic. Its genres also include descriptions, notes, chronicles, biographies, charts, tables, records, and so on. However, there are some special methods and values in the compilation of academy records, so it is necessary to discuss them separately from the local records of administrative divisions. The greatest difference between the local chronicles of academy records and administrative divisions lies in the different nature of annals, which makes the content of annals different. In terms of the nature of the local chronicles, scholars in the Qing Dynasty mainly had two different opinions. In the view of many scholars of Qianjia textual research represented by Dai Zhen, the local chronicles belong to geographical special books, with the first emphasis on historical evolution; the literature school represented by Zhang Xuecheng holds that the local chronicles take charge of the local history, and the first emphasis is on preserving the literature of one side, which is used for drawing materials from the national history. With its small geographical area, single function and less geographical composition, the College seems to prefer Zhang Xuecheng's viewpoint. In terms of the compilation theory of local chronicles, he put forward the standard of poetry and writing, that is to say, it can supplement the history of attestation, benefit the social style and education, help to preserve the literature and so on, and it is very useful for the compilation of the records of the academy. The establishment of the chronicles of the academy, the compiling principles of the biography of characters and the structure of the articles can also be discussed by Zhang Xuecheng's theory of local chronology, but the concrete problems need to be analyzed concretely. The local chronicles of provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties have always been paid more attention to by the local chronicles, but there is little concern about the records of the academies. Bailu Dong Academy, located in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, is one of the four great academies in ancient China. According to the compilation of the annals of the academy, the Bailu Dong Academy has undergone six reconstructions in history, and more than a dozen copies have been published by Fu Zi. There are as many as five kinds of Bai Lu Dong College Records that have been handed down to this day. They record more than a thousand years of history of rise and fall of Bai Ludong Academy, which is a rare historical document of ancient Chinese academies. This paper mainly takes the annals of Bai Ludong Academy as an example and discusses the compilation of the annals of Bai Ludong Academy by using the theoretical knowledge of Fang Zhi, especially the theory put forward by Fang Zhi of Qing Dynasty, represented by Zhang Xuecheng.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29
本文編號：2163049
[Abstract]:Local chronicles are records of a region of history books, the government has government records, state records, counties have county records, a variety of. Where the establishment of one party history, natural geography, economy, military, culture and education, folk customs and other aspects of the situation. There are obvious differences in style, genre, function and value between annals and historical books. The chronicle combines the longitude and weft and narrates the history on the basis of the cross-row category, so it has the distinction of "historical style" and "Shi style". The history of the academy, the history of the temple, the history of the lecture, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice are recorded in the history of the academy, the natural environment, the lectures, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice. Xuetian and other academies related to the history of the book. The compilation of records of academies is not only different from the history books but also from the local records of administrative divisions. Its style is similar to the old records of most administrative divisions and is mainly programmatic. Its genres also include descriptions, notes, chronicles, biographies, charts, tables, records, and so on. However, there are some special methods and values in the compilation of academy records, so it is necessary to discuss them separately from the local records of administrative divisions. The greatest difference between the local chronicles of academy records and administrative divisions lies in the different nature of annals, which makes the content of annals different. In terms of the nature of the local chronicles, scholars in the Qing Dynasty mainly had two different opinions. In the view of many scholars of Qianjia textual research represented by Dai Zhen, the local chronicles belong to geographical special books, with the first emphasis on historical evolution; the literature school represented by Zhang Xuecheng holds that the local chronicles take charge of the local history, and the first emphasis is on preserving the literature of one side, which is used for drawing materials from the national history. With its small geographical area, single function and less geographical composition, the College seems to prefer Zhang Xuecheng's viewpoint. In terms of the compilation theory of local chronicles, he put forward the standard of poetry and writing, that is to say, it can supplement the history of attestation, benefit the social style and education, help to preserve the literature and so on, and it is very useful for the compilation of the records of the academy. The establishment of the chronicles of the academy, the compiling principles of the biography of characters and the structure of the articles can also be discussed by Zhang Xuecheng's theory of local chronology, but the concrete problems need to be analyzed concretely. The local chronicles of provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties have always been paid more attention to by the local chronicles, but there is little concern about the records of the academies. Bailu Dong Academy, located in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, is one of the four great academies in ancient China. According to the compilation of the annals of the academy, the Bailu Dong Academy has undergone six reconstructions in history, and more than a dozen copies have been published by Fu Zi. There are as many as five kinds of Bai Lu Dong College Records that have been handed down to this day. They record more than a thousand years of history of rise and fall of Bai Ludong Academy, which is a rare historical document of ancient Chinese academies. This paper mainly takes the annals of Bai Ludong Academy as an example and discusses the compilation of the annals of Bai Ludong Academy by using the theoretical knowledge of Fang Zhi, especially the theory put forward by Fang Zhi of Qing Dynasty, represented by Zhang Xuecheng.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29
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