本文選題：侗族 + 款組織　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 對于侗族款組織的研究，早在宋代的漢族文獻(xiàn)中就已經(jīng)開始。從目前所了解的情況來看，除元代沒有漢族文獻(xiàn)記載之外，此后的各個朝代均有記載，而且是越來越多，越來越具體。對于這方面的研究，開始時僅僅是某一方面的著述，到后來的官方、私人著述均有記載。我們可以將這些記載稱之為漢族、局外人對侗族款組織的研究。在侗族民間流傳著大量款組織的傳說，保存有大量的款組織的條規(guī)，侗族人自己將其稱之為“款”、“款詞”、“念詞”等。我們可以將這些“口碑文獻(xiàn)”看作是本土研究者的研究成果。1949年新中國成立后不久，在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，有關(guān)部門組織人員開展了“民族民間三套集成”的收集整理工作；改革開放后，有關(guān)部門組織人員又對侗族款詞作了古籍整理工作，正式出版了幾十萬字的漢、侗文對照的書籍；更有近30年來研究者發(fā)表在各類雜志上的近100篇論文以及一本專門研究侗族款組織的著作。我們可以將這些研究成果稱之為在相關(guān)理論指導(dǎo)下的既有本民族學(xué)者又有外族學(xué)者的參加的共同研究成果。 本論文是在上述研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上用民族學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)的文獻(xiàn)法、實(shí)地調(diào)查法等方法對侗族款組織進(jìn)行研究，厘清前人研究的不足，糾正其含混甚至是錯誤的觀點(diǎn)與結(jié)論，使人們對侗族款組織有一個清楚、明晰的認(rèn)識。 本論文共分為七章。 第一章討論了文獻(xiàn)的種類及其對款組織記載的狀況，在此基礎(chǔ)上論證了款組織的成因。在文獻(xiàn)的分類上分為漢文文獻(xiàn)和侗語文獻(xiàn)，，以往研究多忽略侗語文獻(xiàn)。這樣劃分可以可以補(bǔ)充以往研究文獻(xiàn)種類劃分的不足，以獲得更多的研究資料。在款組織的成因上主要是侗族社會長期存在二重性因素，即既有受封建王朝統(tǒng)治的一面，又有自身社會組織發(fā)展的一面。二者之間是一種互相消長的關(guān)系。 第二章討論的是款組織的社會性質(zhì)問題，它是前階級社會的一種組織，這是以往研究成果中最含混的部分，是對第一章的邏輯解釋，也是理解以下各章的基礎(chǔ)和出發(fā)點(diǎn)。對這個問題認(rèn)識清楚了，對于款字的含義的爭論也就不言自明了。 第三章是對款組織的結(jié)構(gòu)、層次及與其他社會組織關(guān)系進(jìn)行厘清，并探討其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系。研究后認(rèn)為，這一組織結(jié)構(gòu)是一種上小下大的三角形組織結(jié)構(gòu)，在物理學(xué)上講這是一種穩(wěn)固的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，由于它的存在才形成第四章的狀況。 第四章討論的是款組織的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式、集中地點(diǎn)和起款�？罱M織有自己的結(jié)構(gòu)，但是，只要它沒有起款活動，我們就不容易看出它的存在，只有起款才感覺和看到它的存在。正是基于這一點(diǎn)，無論是漢文文獻(xiàn)，還是侗語文獻(xiàn)，或者是古代文獻(xiàn)、近現(xiàn)代文獻(xiàn)對它的記載都比較多。本章將對這些文獻(xiàn)記載的這類內(nèi)容進(jìn)行辨析，認(rèn)為：在聯(lián)絡(luò)上有聲域信息和視域信息兩種；在集中地點(diǎn)上名稱不同且各有所用；在起款活動上是以民族為出發(fā)點(diǎn)的(?)有儀式。 第五章討論款組織的規(guī)約。在以往的研究成果中多認(rèn)為：款組織的規(guī)約就是“約法款”，它是侗族的法律或者習(xí)慣法。本章認(rèn)為款組織在不同的時期有不同的文本和不同的內(nèi)容。在早期階段是“石頭文本”，其內(nèi)容比較單一；其次是“款詞文本”階段，它的內(nèi)容全面、具體，有法律的性質(zhì)；再次是“碑刻文本”階段，它的內(nèi)容不如“款詞文本”廣泛，但有可操作性。正是由于文本、內(nèi)容各不相同，但在立約上都是以發(fā)誓而訂立，所以將其稱為規(guī)約，也就是對這些條款有約定。 第六章討論款組織的變遷。變遷問題是民族學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)的一個長期的熱門課題。本章除敘述理論外，更主要是對變遷的背景有詳細(xì)敘述，這是以往研究所沒有的，而且是在調(diào)查、尋訪的基礎(chǔ)上舉出了實(shí)例；將變遷的性質(zhì)具體化。 第七章以對款組織的研究為例對民族學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)的幾個理論問題如變遷、實(shí)踐，中心與邊緣等進(jìn)行探討。認(rèn)為；變遷可以看作是歷史的，縱向的，實(shí)踐是橫向的，兩者可以互相補(bǔ)充。中心與邊緣是一個主觀因素較濃的詞，值得認(rèn)真探究。侗族款組織作為一種社會組織長期存在于侗族社會中，它不僅有文化遺產(chǎn)的性質(zhì)，而且也有口頭與非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的內(nèi)容。對此，提出了對這些遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行“文化空間”保護(hù)、靜態(tài)保護(hù)、動態(tài)保護(hù)等措施�？罱M織長期對侗族的影響，使其民族性格有了“款”的因素，在構(gòu)建和諧社會的今天如何開展這項(xiàng)工程，本部分也進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:The study of the Dong ethnic group has already begun in the Han literature of the Song Dynasty. From the present situation, in addition to the Han literature in the Yuan Dynasty, every dynasty has been recorded, and it is more and more specific. The official and private writings are recorded. We can refer to these records as the Han, the outsider's study of the Dong ethnic group. In the Dong folk, a large number of legends have been circulated in the Dong folk, and the rules of a large number of organizations are preserved. The Dong people themselves call it "money", "money words", "words", etc. After the founding of the new China in.1949, the literature of the monument was not long after the founding of the new China. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the relevant departments and organizations carried out the collection and collation of the "three sets of ethnic and folk sets". After the reform and opening up, the relevant departments organized the work of the ancient books of the Dong nationality and the official publication. There are hundreds of thousands of Chinese and Dong Wen's books, and more than 100 papers published in various magazines in the last 30 years and a book devoted to the study of Dong nationality organizations. We can call these research results a common research into the participation of both national and foreign scholars under the guidance of relevant theories. Fruit.
On the basis of the above research results, this paper uses ethnology, cultural anthropology literature, field investigation and other methods to study the Dong ethnic groups, to clarify the shortcomings of previous studies and to correct their ambiguous and even wrong ideas and conclusions, so that people have a clear and clear understanding of the Dong nationality organizations.
This paper is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter discusses the types of the literature and the status of the records of the money organization. On the basis of this, it demonstrates the causes of the organization. In the classification of the literature, it is divided into Chinese literature and Dong language literature. The cause of the organization is mainly the duality factor of the Dong Society for a long time, that is, the one side of the feudal dynasty and the development of its own social organization. The relationship between the two is a mutually reinforcing relationship.
The second chapter discusses the social nature of the organization. It is an organization of the former class society. It is the most ambiguous part of the previous research. It is the logical explanation of the first chapter. It is also the basis and starting point of the following chapters.
The third chapter is to clarify the structure, level and relationship with other social organizations, and discuss its internal relations. After studying, this organization structure is a small and large triangular structure. In physics it is a solid structural form, and the existence of the fourth chapters is formed because of its existence.
The fourth chapter discusses the mode of liaison, the location and the fund. The organization has its own structure. However, as long as it does not have an activity, it is not easy to see its existence. It is only in the beginning to feel and see its existence. It is based on this, whether it is the Chinese literature, the Dong language literature, or the ancient literature. There are more records in modern literature. This chapter will differentiate and analyze the contents of these documents. It is believed that there are two kinds of information and field of view information in contact; the names are different and each is used in the centralized place; in the activity of raising money, there is a ceremony in which the nation is the starting point.
The fifth chapter discusses the statute of the fund organization. In the previous research achievements, it is believed that the statute of the fund organization is "the law of the law". It is the law of the Dong nationality or the customary law. It has a comprehensive, specific and legal nature; again it is the "inscription text" stage, and its content is not as extensive as "text word", but it is operable. It is because the text is different, but it is made with vow on the agreement, so it is called the statute, which is about the terms. Make sure.
The sixth chapter discusses the changes in the organization of the funds. The issue of change is a long-term hot topic in ethnology and cultural anthropology. This chapter, in addition to the narrative theory, is more mainly about the background of the change, which is not the previous research, and has given examples on the basis of investigation and search; and the nature of the change is concreted.
The seventh chapter, taking the research of the fund organization as an example, discusses several theoretical problems of Ethnology and cultural anthropology, such as change, practice, center and edge, and so on. The change can be regarded as historical, vertical and horizontal, and both can complement each other. The center and edge are a strong subjective factor, worthy of careful inquiry. As a social organization, Dong nationality organizations, as a social organization, exist in the Dong Society for a long time. It not only has the nature of cultural heritage, but also has the content of oral and non material cultural heritage. In this regard, it puts forward measures such as "cultural space" protection, static protection, dynamic protection and so on. This part is also discussed in the construction of a harmonious society today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K287.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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2 郭婧;侗族刑事習(xí)慣法若干問題研究[D];貴州民族學(xué)院;2010年

3 胡寶華;侗族傳統(tǒng)建筑技術(shù)文化解讀[D];廣西民族大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：2086021