本文選題：清代 + 長沙　； 參考：《四川大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 長沙是國務(wù)院首批公布的歷史文化名城之一，具有悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化。“長沙”之名始于西周，春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，長沙城邑已具雛形，成為楚南重鎮(zhèn)。從秦朝開始，歷代封建王朝均以長沙作為郡、國、州、府、路、廳治所。清代開始，長沙作為湖南的省會(huì)，成長為湖南的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心。本論文從考察長沙的自然地理及清代以前長沙城市的變遷入手，對(duì)清代長沙政治地位的嬗變、清代長沙經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和清代長沙文化地位的演變進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)研究。 自然環(huán)境及交通條件是一個(gè)城市賴以成長和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。長沙自然地理環(huán)境優(yōu)越，物產(chǎn)豐富；水系發(fā)達(dá)，河湖縱橫交錯(cuò)，擁有便捷的水陸交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，長沙城市正是在此基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生和不斷發(fā)展起來的。長沙城市的歷史發(fā)展過程可以分為三個(gè)時(shí)期：長沙城市的興起時(shí)期(從遠(yuǎn)古到秦漢)、長沙城市的停滯時(shí)期(三國至唐代)、長沙城市的興盛時(shí)期(五代至清朝)。 清康熙三年(1664)，湖南正式建省，長沙成為湖南的省會(huì)，這對(duì)于長沙城市的發(fā)展具有重要意義：行政地位進(jìn)一步提高，城市的政治色彩更為鮮明；長沙作為政治中心地位的確立促進(jìn)了其經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化地位的提升。清后期，湘軍集團(tuán)興起，對(duì)長沙城市產(chǎn)生了一定影響；維新時(shí)期長沙成長為中國中部的維新中心，掀起政治改良的高潮；之后，一大批革命者齊聚長沙醞釀武裝起義，長沙成為辛亥革命的策源地。晚清長沙政治地位因之進(jìn)一步提高，其在全國的政治影響力也進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。清初，長沙經(jīng)濟(jì)受戰(zhàn)亂破壞極為嚴(yán)重，發(fā)展緩慢，到清中期，長沙經(jīng)濟(jì)已逐漸恢復(fù)并發(fā)展、繁榮，傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)、商業(yè)、金融業(yè)有很大發(fā)展；清后期，長沙自主開埠，對(duì)外貿(mào)易進(jìn)入一個(gè)新階段，長沙發(fā)展成為湖南的對(duì)外貿(mào)易中心，從而確立了其經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的地位。兩湖分闈帶來了長沙科舉教育和科舉人才的興盛，長沙在清后期成長為科舉重鎮(zhèn)。極富地域色彩的湖湘文化在清代輝煌一時(shí)，，而湖湘文化的中心在長沙，其學(xué)術(shù)之正宗在千年學(xué)府岳麓書院。清中葉以后，湖湘文化發(fā)展到高峰，走向近代化。長沙作為湖湘文化傳播的前沿陣地，彰顯了其作為湖南文化中心的地位。 清代是長沙城市發(fā)展史上一個(gè)非常重要的時(shí)期，研究清代長沙城市地位的嬗變，有助于我們更清楚、更客觀地了解清代長沙城市的發(fā)展歷程，揭示長沙城市發(fā)展、演變的趨勢和特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Changsha is one of the first historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, with a long history and splendid culture. The name of Changsha began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, Changsha City became the important town in the south of Chu. From the Qin Dynasty, all the feudal dynasties used Changsha as the county, state, government, road and hall. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Changsha, as the capital of Hunan, grew into the political, economic and cultural center of Hunan. Based on the investigation of Changsha's natural geography and the changes of Changsha city before Qing Dynasty, this paper focuses on the evolution of Changsha's political status in Qing Dynasty, the development of Changsha's economy in Qing Dynasty and the evolution of Changsha's cultural status in Qing Dynasty. Natural environment and traffic conditions are the material basis of a city's growth and development. Changsha has a superior natural geographical environment and rich products, developed water system, crisscross rivers and lakes, and has a convenient land and water transportation network. The historical development process of Changsha city can be divided into three periods: the rising period of Changsha city (from ancient times to Qin and Han Dynasty), the stagnation period of Changsha city (three Kingdoms to Tang Dynasty) and the prosperous period of Changsha city (five dynasties to Qing Dynasty). In the three years of Kangxi, Hunan formally established a province, Changsha became the capital of Hunan, which is of great significance to the development of Changsha city: the administrative status is further improved, and the political color of the city is more vivid; The establishment of Changsha as a political center promoted the promotion of its economic and cultural status. In the late Qing Dynasty, the rise of the Xiangjun Group had a certain impact on the city of Changsha; during the reform period, Changsha grew into a center of reform in central China, setting off a climax of political improvement; after that, a large number of revolutionaries gathered together to prepare for an armed uprising in Changsha. Changsha became the birthplace of the 1911 Revolution. As a result, Changsha's political status in late Qing Dynasty was further improved, and its political influence in the whole country was further expanded. In the early Qing Dynasty, the economy of Changsha was seriously damaged by the war, and its development was slow. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the economy of Changsha had gradually recovered and developed, and the traditional handicraft industry, commerce and financial industry had developed greatly. In the latter part of the Qing Dynasty, Changsha opened its own port on its own. As the foreign trade entered a new stage, Changsha developed into the foreign trade center of Hunan, thus establishing its position as the economic center. The division of the two lakes brought about the prosperity of education and talents of imperial examinations in Changsha, which grew into a major imperial examination town in the late Qing Dynasty. The Huxiang culture, which is rich in regional color, was brilliant in the Qing Dynasty, and the center of Huxiang culture was Changsha, and its academic originality was in Yuelu Academy of the Millennium Academy of Learning. After the middle period of Qing Dynasty, Huxiang culture developed to the peak and moved towards modernization. As the front position of Huxiang culture dissemination, Changsha shows its position as Hunan culture center. The Qing Dynasty is a very important period in the history of Changsha city development. To study the evolution of Changsha city status in Qing Dynasty is helpful for us to understand more clearly and objectively the development course of Changsha city in Qing Dynasty and to reveal the development of Changsha city. Trends and characteristics of evolution
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K297

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