本文選題：清朝 + 民國��； 參考：《新疆大學》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：當前，毒品已成為全球性社會公害，嚴重威脅著人類的健康與社會安定。近年來，毒品問題在我國死灰復燃并有發(fā)展趨勢，已引起社會的廣泛關注。因此，消除毒害，凈化社會及人們的心靈已成為保持新疆社會穩(wěn)定的一項重要任務。要解決現(xiàn)實問題，必然應對過去的歷史經(jīng)驗教訓進行總結。為此，本文選擇了清朝至民國時期新疆的禁毒問題作為研究對象，以期通過對過去歷史的總結，為今天的禁毒工作提供一定的參考。 本文旨在對清朝至民國時期發(fā)生在新疆的三次大規(guī)模的禁毒運動進行全面系統(tǒng)的研究。全文以時間為序，共分為四個部分。第一部分“新疆第一次禁煙運動”。主要探討了清代道光年間新疆鴉片的來源，新疆地方政府遵照中央命令而在新疆實施禁煙的概況，最后評述了這次禁毒運動取得的成效。第二部分“清末民初新疆第二次禁毒運動”。針對因第一次禁煙的不徹底而造成的光緒年間鴉片又一次泛濫的現(xiàn)象，分析闡述清末新疆的第二次禁煙運動產(chǎn)生的原因；總結了清末新疆地方政府根據(jù)新疆的實際情況采取的禁毒措施，這些措施主要集中于四個方面：加強宣傳、四禁并舉、嚴格執(zhí)法和堵源截流。清末禁煙措施得當，態(tài)度堅決，故禁煙效果也較好。但隨著清政府的垮臺，鴉片問題惡化，民國初年的楊增新政府為了應付中英會勘煙苗，再度禁毒，他的措施主要是以禁種鴉片為首要，對民眾實行嚴刑峻法和對官員實行有效監(jiān)督。由于民初的禁毒運動是清末禁毒運動的繼續(xù)，且也取得了較好的效果，因而這一時期的禁毒運動相對于其它時期來說是比較成功的。第三部分“民國后期新疆的第三次禁毒運動”。著重探討了盛世才統(tǒng)治時期和張治中治新時期新疆的禁毒情況。由于楊增新統(tǒng)治后期，中英會勘煙苗結束，楊增新暗開煙禁，而其后的金樹仁政府也不重視禁毒，以致盛世才統(tǒng)治初期毒焰復熾。出于政治利益和經(jīng)濟利益的考慮，盛世才政府從四個方面（禁毒計劃、禁毒組織、禁毒法規(guī)、禁毒措施）進行了一次大規(guī)模的禁毒活動，取得了一定的成效。但在盛世才離開新疆后，禁毒活動也流于形式。張治中擔任新疆省主席期間，，亦提出根除鴉片毒害，并進行了一次小規(guī)模的禁毒活 WP=3 動，這次禁毒只局限于當時的首府城市迪化，因而其禁毒效果也極為有限。本文的結語部分對新疆歷史上的三次禁煙運動進行回顧，分析其成敗得失，并總結了歷次禁毒的經(jīng)驗和教訓。 清朝至民國時期，新疆雖然跨越了兩個不同的時代，但就禁毒與反禁毒情況而言卻是一脈相承的，從清朝至民國的禁毒情況來看，禁毒是一個長期而又反復的過程，也是一個涉及到國家政策、官員素質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、民眾素質(zhì)等各方面的綜合工程。因此，時至今日，我們?nèi)匀豢梢哉f：新疆的禁毒工作，任重而道遠。
[Abstract]:At present, drugs have become a global social hazard, seriously threatening human health and social stability. In recent years, the drug problem in our country has a resurgence and development trend, has caused widespread concern in society. Therefore, eliminating poison and purifying people's mind has become an important task to maintain social stability in Xinjiang. In order to solve practical problems, we must sum up the historical experiences and lessons of the past. Therefore, this paper chooses the anti-drug problem in Xinjiang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China as the research object, in order to provide a certain reference for today's anti-drug work through the summary of the past history. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study on three large-scale anti-drug campaigns in Xinjiang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. This paper is divided into four parts in order of time. The first part is the first anti-smoking movement in Xinjiang. This paper mainly discusses the origin of opium in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the general situation of Xinjiang local government enforcing smoking ban in Xinjiang in accordance with the order of the central government, and finally comments on the effect of this anti-drug campaign. The second part is the second anti-drug movement in Xinjiang in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In view of the phenomenon of opium once again overflowing in the Guang Xu period caused by the incomplete first ban on smoking, this paper analyzes the causes of the second anti-smoking movement in Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper summarizes the anti-drug measures taken by the local government of Xinjiang in the end of Qing Dynasty according to the actual situation in Xinjiang. These measures mainly focus on four aspects: strengthening propaganda, enforcing the law strictly and blocking the source and stopping the flow. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, smoking control measures were appropriate and resolute, so the effect of smoking prohibition was good. However, with the fall of the Qing government and the worsening of the opium problem, in the early years of the Republic of China, Yang Zengxin's government, in order to cope with the Sino-British association for tobacco prospecting and to crack down on drugs again, mainly took the ban on opium cultivation as the primary measure. Severe punishment of the people and effective supervision of officials. Because the anti-drug campaign in the early Republic of China was a continuation of the anti-drug movement in the late Qing Dynasty and achieved good results, the anti-drug campaign in this period was relatively successful compared with other periods. The third part is the third anti-drug movement in Xinjiang in the late Republic of China. This paper mainly discusses the situation of drug control in Xinjiang during Sheng Shicai's reign and Zhang Zhizhong's new period. In the late period of Yang Zengxin's reign, the Chinese and British societies ended the smoke prospecting, Yang Zengxin was banned from smoking, and the later Jin Shuren government did not attach importance to drug control, so the poison flaming again in the early days of Sheng Shicai's rule. Due to the consideration of political and economic interests, Sheng Shicai's government carried out a large-scale anti-drug campaign from four aspects (anti-drug plan, anti-drug organization, anti-drug laws and regulations, anti-drug measures) and achieved certain results. But after Sheng Shicai left Xinjiang, drug-control activities also became a mere formality. During his tenure as chairman of Xinjiang Province, Zhang Zhizhong also proposed to eradicate opium poisoning and carried out a small-scale anti-drug campaign. WP=3 This drug-control is limited to the capital of the city deification, so its drug-control effect is very limited. The conclusion of this paper reviews the three anti-smoking movements in Xinjiang's history, analyzes their successes and failures, and summarizes the experiences and lessons of drug control. During the period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Xinjiang crossed two different times, but in terms of the situation of drug control and anti-drug control, it was in the same vein. From the perspective of the anti-drug situation from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, drug control was a long-term and repeated process. It is also a comprehensive project involving national policy, official quality, economic development, public quality and so on. Therefore, to this day, we can still say: Xinjiang's drug-control work, heavy and long way.
【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K294

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 周書元;;近十年近代西北鴉片研究綜述[J];石家莊經(jīng)濟學院學報;2012年06期

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

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2 劉粉;羅運炎思想研究（1949年以前）[D];蘇州大學;2012年

3 葉盛;清末至民國時期新疆的罌粟種植和鴉片販運[D];陜西師范大學;2012年

4 王娟麗;晚清時期西北地區(qū)鴉片問題研究[D];遼寧大學;2013年

本文編號：1879024