本文選題：民國 + 時期　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 慈善組織和慈善事業(yè)作為非營利社會組織開展的工作，在社會發(fā)展過程中所發(fā) 揮的作用已經(jīng)愈來愈大。慈善組織及慈善事業(yè)在中國的歷史十分悠久，它作為一種 社會價值觀曾對中國封建統(tǒng)治者維持其政權(quán)有不小的貢獻。近代以來，特別是辛亥 革命爆發(fā)、中華民國成立以后，伴隨新政權(quán)誕生，政治與經(jīng)濟制度的轉(zhuǎn)變，慈善組 織的發(fā)展進入新的階段。慈善組織作為社會的公益組織，憑借其社會救濟的功能， 對轉(zhuǎn)型時期動蕩不安的中國社會產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。尤其在近代上海這個中國社會 經(jīng)濟最發(fā)達的城市，慈善組織充分利用了城市工商經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所帶來有利條件，為社 會慈善救濟的展開，起到了舉足輕重的作用。 本文力圖從社會史的角度，運用歷史學(xué)、社會學(xué)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)、比較學(xué)等研究方法， 透視民國時期上海慈善組織的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、衰落及其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，并通過分析它們的 內(nèi)在組織結(jié)構(gòu)、政府與民間組織的關(guān)系、參與者的成份等，總結(jié)慈善組織在民國時 期上海城市發(fā)展中的角色與地位，以期客觀地評價這個社會中間組織在民國社會發(fā) 展中地位。 全文共分五章： 第一章簡單扼要地回顧了慈善組織產(chǎn)生的歷史根源及其發(fā)展演變，以及慈善事 業(yè)的性質(zhì)。社會慈善事業(yè)，從人類文明形成之日起產(chǎn)生，即與人類社會文明同步前 進。從商周到明清，歷史跨越了數(shù)千年的時空，但慈善的中心思想不變，它由民本 主義、儒家“仁愛”、佛教“因果報應(yīng)”等，匯集成了慈善思想。近代以降，西方慈 善思想的導(dǎo)入，使得慈善理念的內(nèi)涵擴大，參與慈善事業(yè)的人數(shù)增加，推動了民國 上海慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展。 第二章是對民國時期上海的慈善組織、慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的背景與社會基礎(chǔ)進行分 析。一方面，民國建立后，隨著政治制度的變遷，經(jīng)濟快速的發(fā)展，城市化進程中 的社會各階層進一步分化，伴隨而來的是人口大量流入，它既為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供了大 量的廉價勞動力和商品銷售市場，，也因與市場發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)而產(chǎn)生了嚴重的社會問題； 而市場的波動和民國政局的動蕩，對經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了負面作用，使得社會的貧 困階層日益擴大，對社會的穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生了不小的沖擊。另一方面，上海作為一個先于 國內(nèi)其它地區(qū)進入向城市化進程過渡的城市，在西方城市化進程的示范下，國外對 社會救濟和社會慈善的政策在上海首先得到了嘗試，推動了上海慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展。 第三章是對民國時期上海慈善組織和慈善事業(yè)的特征加以分析。上海經(jīng)濟的快 速發(fā)展，使上海的城區(qū)日益擴大，同時，移民的大量進入，使原先農(nóng)村中結(jié)成的血 緣、地緣關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詷I(yè)緣關(guān)系、居住區(qū)域關(guān)系，慈善組織逐步擺脫了單一的同 鄉(xiāng)會、同業(yè)公所等局限，向功能比較齊全的慈善組織轉(zhuǎn)變。民國的慈善組織與舊的 慈善組織相比，具有了新的特征�？陀^上，民間的慈善組織在數(shù)量和規(guī)模上超越了 官辦，慈善組織的屬性上出現(xiàn)了官方主辦、民間主辦、宗教界主辦等形式，慈善組 織的資金來源和資產(chǎn)屬性上，也具有了現(xiàn)代社會的性質(zhì);在意識上，慈善擺脫了傳 統(tǒng)的道德、倫理觀念的束縛，溶入了西方現(xiàn)代責(zé)任意識、公民意識。 第四章對民國慈善組織的結(jié)構(gòu)、運行機制和成員構(gòu)成進行分析。此時的慈善組 織，它的發(fā)起條件，入會的資格審定，會員的權(quán)利與義務(wù)，資金來源與使用等有了 較為詳細的規(guī)定，慈善組織正逐步向規(guī)范化、法制化的方向過渡。在組織結(jié)構(gòu)上， 它效仿西方同類組織的做法，努力提高組織的民主意識和決策的透明度，以獲取公 眾的信任;另外，慈善事業(yè)參與者，由傳統(tǒng)的紳商主導(dǎo)型轉(zhuǎn)向工商界人士為主，其 中江浙籍的商人開始占據(jù)主要的地位，成為慈善事業(yè)的主力軍。 第五章闡述了民國時期上海慈善組織的主要活動、社會功能及存在的不足。各 慈善組織根據(jù)自己實際情況，進行不同方式的的救濟，主要包括機構(gòu)內(nèi)的救助和機 構(gòu)外的救助，臨時救助和平常救助。民國時期上海慈善組織的的救濟對象己向特定 人群轉(zhuǎn)變，從嬰兒到老年人，從殘疾人到健康的游民、婦女等皆有專門的慈善組織， 慈善事業(yè)走向新的時期。在社會功能方面，作為民間的社會組織，慈善組織與政府 間形成了監(jiān)督與被監(jiān)督，控制與被控制的關(guān)系。 盡管時期上海慈善組織與以前相比有了明顯的進步，也具備了現(xiàn)代組織的許多 屬性，但仍存在著不少問題。在組織成立中顯現(xiàn)先天不足，其規(guī)模和人員受到一定 的限制，在制度化建設(shè)中，缺乏強有力的監(jiān)督機制，在救濟效果上，獲得救助人數(shù) 有限等等，但這一時期的慈善組織及慈善事業(yè)對社會的穩(wěn)定、對上海慈善事業(yè)整體 的發(fā)展具有重要的意義。 啟示:慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展是人類文明進步的重要標志之一。古老中國的文明史也 是慈善的發(fā)展史。慈善事業(yè)在不同的時期展現(xiàn)了不同的時代特征，顯示出不同的社 會作用。慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展同時又與慈善組織的發(fā)展緊密聯(lián)系的，它與組織者、參與 者密不可分。民國時期，慈善組織的成立與發(fā)展在新思潮和新制度的雙重催化作用 下，出現(xiàn)了明顯的現(xiàn)代特征，它從組織的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、運行程序、人員的組成及成份 等方面皆得到體現(xiàn)。而慈善組織的經(jīng)濟運行模式和價值觀念的傳播及教育功?
[Abstract]:The work carried out by charitable organizations and charities as a non - profit social organization has been addressed in the course of social development









The wave has grown more and more . The history of charity and philanthropy in China is a long history , as a kind of









Social values have contributed to the maintenance of their power by the feudal rulers of China . Since modern times , especially Xin Hai









After the founding of the Republic of China , after the founding of the Republic of China , with the birth of the new regime , the transformation of the political and economic system , the charity group









The development of knitting has entered a new stage , and the charity organization , as the public welfare organization of society , relies on the function of its social relief ,









In modern Shanghai , the Chinese society has an important influence on Chinese society , especially in modern Shanghai









The most developed cities and charities fully utilize the favorable conditions brought by the development of the city ' s commercial and commercial economy ,









It plays an important role in the development of charity relief .









This paper tries to apply the research methods of history , sociology , statistics and comparative study from the perspective of social history .









The occurrence , development , decline and inherent law of the charitable organization in Shanghai during the period of the Republic of China , and analyzed them









The internal organization structure , the relationship between the government and the civil society , the composition of the participants , etc . , summarizes the charitable organization in the Republic of China









The role and position of Shanghai urban development in order to objectively evaluate the social development of the society in the Republic of China









in that exhibition .









The full text is divided into five chapters :









The first chapter briefly reviews the historical roots of charitable organizations and their evolution , as well as the charity events









The nature of the industry . Social philanthropy , generated from the date of the formation of human civilization , that is , before the civilization of mankind .









In the Shang Zhou Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the history spanned thousands of years of time and space , but the central thought of the charity remained unchanged , and it was composed of the people









The doctrine , the Confucian " benevolence " and the Buddhism " karma " , etc . , are brought together into the idea of charity .









The introduction of good idea makes the connotation of charity expand and the number of people participating in charity increases and pushes the Republic of China .









The development of shanghai charity .









The second chapter points out the background and social foundation of the charitable organization and charity development in Shanghai during the period of the Republic of China .









On the one hand , after the establishment of the Republic of China , with the change of the political system , the rapid economic development , the urbanization process









The social strata of the society are further divided , accompanied by the massive influx of the population , which provides both great economic development









The volume of cheap labour and commodity sales market has also resulted in serious social problems owing to the lack of coordination with market development ;










The fluctuation of the market and the turmoil of the Republic of China ' s political situation have also produced negative effects on the development of the economy , which has caused the poverty of the society









The growing number of trapped strata has created a small impact on the stability of society . On the other hand , Shanghai as a precedent









In other parts of the country , the cities that transition to the urbanization process , under the model of the western urbanization process , are foreign to









The social relief and social charity policy has been tried first in Shanghai to promote the development of Shanghai ' s charity .









The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of Shanghai charity organization and charity in the period of the Republic of China .









At the same time , the rapid development of the urban areas in Shanghai is expanding , meanwhile , the massive influx of immigrants makes the blood in the original countryside









The relationship between the land and the land and the relationship between the land and the land , the relationship between the residential areas and the charitable organizations gradually get rid of the single same



















The local society , the public office of the same industry , and other limitations , turn to a well - equipped charity organization . The Republic of China ' s charities and old ones









Compared with the charity , there are new features . In an objective way , the folk charities go beyond the number and scale









Official sponsorship , folk sponsorship , sponsorship of religious communities , etc . have appeared in the properties of the official and charitable organizations , and the charity group









The nature of modern society also has the nature of modern society in the source of capital and property of assets ; in the sense of consciousness , charity is free from transmission









The restriction of the moral and ethical values of the West is dissolved in the modern sense of responsibility of the West and the citizen consciousness .









The fourth chapter analyzes the structure , operating mechanism and membership of the charitable organization of the Republic of China .









weaving , its launching conditions , qualification examination of the membership , the rights and obligations of the members , the source of funds and the use of funds , etc .









In more detail , the charitable organization is gradually shifting to the direction of standardization and legalization .









It follows the practices of the Western counterparts in an effort to improve the democratic awareness of the organization and the transparency of decision - making in order to acquire the public









Public trust ; in addition , the participants in the cause of charity are dominated by traditional businessmen leading to industry and commerce ,









The merchants of the Chinese and Zhejiang provinces began to occupy the dominant position and became the main force of charity .









The fifth chapter expounds the main activities , social functions and shortcomings of the charitable organization in Shanghai during the Republic of China .









The charitable organization carries out different kinds of relief according to its actual situation , mainly including the rescue and the machine in the institution









Out - of - the - structure relief , temporary assistance and usual relief . Relief objects of the Shanghai Charity Organization in the Republic of China have been directed to a specific country









The change of the population , from infants to the elderly , from persons with disabilities to health , women and the like , have special charity organizations ,









In social function , as a civil society organization , a charity organization and a government









The relationship between supervision and supervision , control and control is formed .









Although the Shanghai Charity Organization has made significant progress in comparison with the past , there are many modern organizations









There are still a lot of problems in the formation of the organization , and the scale and personnel of the organization are affected .









In the construction of institutionalization , there is a lack of a strong oversight mechanism , in terms of the relief effect , the number of aid workers can be obtained









Limited , and so on , but this period of charity organization and charity work to the social stability , to the Shanghai charity overall









The development of the system is of great significance .









Enlightenment : The development of philanthropy is one of the important symbols of human civilization progress . The ancient Chinese civilization also









It is a history of philanthropy . Philanthropy shows different times in different times , showing different societies









The development of charity is closely related to the development of charitable organizations . It is closely related to the organizer and participation









In the period of the Republic of China , the establishment and development of the charity organization in the new trend of thought and the double catalysis of the new system









There are obvious modern characteristics , from the structure form of the organization , the operating procedure , the composition and composition of the personnel









All the aspects are reflected . And the economic operation mode of the charity organization and the dissemination of the value idea and the educational work ?

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K295.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前8條

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

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本文編號：1848723