本文選題：南潯 + 會的�。� 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以浙江省北部杭嘉湖平原上的一個市鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域——南潯為研究對象,以太湖流域的自然開發(fā)與人文發(fā)展為背景,以近代以來蠶桑業(yè)的盛衰變遷為線索,描述了這一特定地域近一個世紀的社會變遷過程,分析了蠶桑業(yè)盛衰變遷的內(nèi)外因素,以及由蠶桑業(yè)盛衰而引發(fā)的南潯絲商群體亦步亦趨的盛衰過程,進而討論了社會經(jīng)濟文化各領(lǐng)域的近代變遷。 文章分三個階段,即鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前、鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后至19世紀末、19世紀末至1937年對南潯的蠶桑業(yè)發(fā)展及市鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟分別予以論述。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前,中國蠶桑業(yè)發(fā)展基本以內(nèi)需為主;鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后至19世紀末,內(nèi)外銷各占一半的階段;19世紀末葉起,外銷占更大比例的階段。 南潯鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟從19世紀末年以來一直處于持續(xù)發(fā)展的過程中,到20世紀20—30年代之間——尤以20年代為中心——達到頂峰。傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村專業(yè)經(jīng)濟在新國際貿(mào)易形勢下持續(xù)發(fā)展,為南潯帶來了空前的繁榮。當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)因近代機器生產(chǎn)競爭失敗后,旋即興起的各種替代型“新”家庭手工業(yè),暫時彌補了傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)衰敗所帶來的損失,由于它們具有與國際貿(mào)易聯(lián)系緊密的特點,故而能極迅速地發(fā)展起來,從而造成當(dāng)?shù)厥墟?zhèn)的繁榮。但也因與國際貿(mào)易聯(lián)系的緊密,也會因國際市場的變動而迅速走向衰微。 在這一過程中,有幾點頗為引人注目: 首先,導(dǎo)致南潯經(jīng)濟持續(xù)繁榮的推動力更多的是來自國際市場對生絲的需求,五口通商及上海的崛起,使得這種需求更直接地作用于該地域,促使其持續(xù)發(fā)展。 其次,就內(nèi)部動因而言,對輯里絲進行的重大改良發(fā)生于19世紀70年代,即將輯里絲紡成輯里干經(jīng),這一改良過程還是被動的,并非主動。伴隨著機器繅絲業(yè)興起,最終淪落為原材料——蠶繭的生產(chǎn)地。 再者,在中國延續(xù)了數(shù)千年的以家庭為基礎(chǔ)的個體經(jīng)營生產(chǎn)方式。無論是前近代耕織結(jié)合的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟,還是近代南潯傳統(tǒng)繅絲業(yè)被破壞后,隨后在農(nóng)村地域興起的種種加工業(yè),無不以家庭為生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的最基本單位,這一生產(chǎn)方式自始至終未發(fā)生任何的改變。 由此可以看出,以市鎮(zhèn)為代表的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟在面對近代工業(yè)為代表的西方文明時,更多表現(xiàn)出的是其“被動”適應(yīng)的過程,無論是生產(chǎn)還是經(jīng)營方式,而傳統(tǒng)的小農(nóng)社會的個體經(jīng)營方式更是亙古未變;通過主動性的改良,進而促使商品以及生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式更趨現(xiàn)代因素的事件極少發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Nanxun, a town area in Hangzhou Lake Plain in the north of Zhejiang Province, as the research object, takes the natural and human development of Taihu Lake Basin as the background, and takes the vicissitudes of sericulture industry since modern times as the clue. This paper describes the process of social change in this particular region for nearly a century, analyzes the internal and external factors of the vicissitudes of sericulture, and the rise and fall process of silk merchants in Nanxun caused by the rise and fall of sericulture. Then it discusses the modern changes in various fields of social economy and culture. This article is divided into three stages: before the Opium War, from the end of the 19th century to the end of the 19th century and from the end of the 19th century to 1937, the development of sericulture and the town economy in Nanxun were discussed respectively. Before the Opium War, the development of China's sericulture industry basically focused on domestic demand; from the end of the Opium War to the end of the 19th century, domestic and foreign sales accounted for half of the period, and export accounted for a larger proportion of the stage from the end of the 19th century to the end of the 19th century. Nanxun's economy has been in the process of continuous development since the end of the 19th century, and reached its peak in the 1920s and 1930s, especially in the 1920s. The sustainable development of traditional rural specialized economy in the new international trade situation has brought unprecedented prosperity to Nanxun. When the traditional handicraft industry failed because of the failure of modern machine production competition, a variety of alternative "new" household handicrafts were immediately emerging, temporarily making up for the losses caused by the decline of traditional production, because of their close ties with international trade. As a result, it developed very rapidly, resulting in the prosperity of the local towns. But also because of the close relationship with the international trade, also because of the changes in the international market and rapid decline. In the process, there are several striking points: First of all, the driving force of Nanxun economic prosperity is more from the international market demand for raw silk, five ports of commerce and the rise of Shanghai, making this demand more directly to the region, promote its sustainable development. Secondly, as far as internal motivation is concerned, the major improvement of the repertoire occurred in the 1870s, that is, spinning it into a series of dry scriptures, which is a passive process, not an active one. With the rise of machine silk reeling industry, it was eventually reduced to the raw material-cocoon production. Moreover, the family-based self-employed mode of production continues in China for thousands of years. Whether it was the agricultural economy of the combination of farming and weaving in the former modern times or the traditional silk reeling industry in Nanxun after its destruction, all the processing industries that subsequently rose in rural areas took the family as the most basic unit of production and management. This mode of production has not changed at all. From this, it can be seen that the rural economy represented by towns and cities, when facing the western civilization represented by modern industry, more shows the process of its "passive" adaptation, whether it is the production or the mode of operation. The traditional individual management mode of small peasant society is everlasting; through the improvement of initiative, the events that promote the commodity and the way of production and management become more modern are rare.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K29

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