本文選題：山西經(jīng)濟(jì)　切入點(diǎn)：資源型產(chǎn)業(yè)　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：為更好地把握山西經(jīng)濟(jì)長期轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展演進(jìn)的路徑,理解山西資源依賴型經(jīng)濟(jì)形成的歷史文化背景和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基本規(guī)律,本文將研究視角由當(dāng)前的時點(diǎn)拓展至長期的歷史發(fā)展過程,從長期的歷史視角對山西經(jīng)濟(jì)的長期轉(zhuǎn)型和資源型經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)山西經(jīng)濟(jì)長期發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型的歷史規(guī)律,推動山西區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究的深入,同時對新時期山西經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展也具有較強(qiáng)的理論和實踐的指導(dǎo)意義。 山西的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會變遷有著其獨(dú)特之處。由于其自然地理條件,加之人口的不斷增加與可供狩獵和采集的資源日漸稀缺之間的矛盾,導(dǎo)致狩獵采集勞動的邊際產(chǎn)品下降,山西較早地實現(xiàn)了由原始社會時期的狩獵和采集業(yè)向原始畜牧業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的過渡,也由于其農(nóng)牧兼宜的自然環(huán)境、獨(dú)特的地理位置以及政府的政策,從虞夏到宋元時期三千余年的時間里,山西以種植業(yè)為主的農(nóng)業(yè)并沒能直接成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的主導(dǎo)部門,而是在與畜牧業(yè)的興衰更替中逐步確立了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主導(dǎo)地位。在農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展過程中,有限的地力不足以養(yǎng)活日益增加的人口,從事手工業(yè)或者外出經(jīng)商的人逐漸增多,到了明清時期,山西商業(yè)日趨發(fā)展和繁榮,甚至形成了“業(yè)賈者十之六、七”的局面。由于商業(yè)興盛以及由此形成的路徑依賴,導(dǎo)致山西的近代工業(yè)出現(xiàn)相對滯后。也由于山西商業(yè)積累的雄厚資本,加之閻錫山統(tǒng)治期間一系列促進(jìn)措施,山西近代工業(yè)發(fā)展后發(fā)制上,到20世紀(jì)三、四十年代,一躍成為工業(yè)強(qiáng)省。但是,由于在鋼鐵、機(jī)械、化學(xué)、電力、建材等方面投入了很大資本,而在輕工業(yè)建設(shè)方面的政府投入?yún)s相當(dāng)少,導(dǎo)致了山西工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的失衡,并進(jìn)而影響了新中國成立之后山西經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。 新中國成立以后,在資源稟賦優(yōu)勢、國家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和產(chǎn)業(yè)投資傾斜政策的多重因素綜合作用下,山西走上資源型經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展道路。特別是在國家大規(guī)模投資的推動下,歷經(jīng)建國初期的重點(diǎn)項目建設(shè),六、七十年代“三線建設(shè)”和改革開放后大規(guī)模的能源基地建設(shè),山西最終形成了資源倚重型的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。過度的煤炭資源依賴導(dǎo)致山西經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性越來越弱,資源稟賦與資源詛咒成為山西經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的熱點(diǎn)問題。到20世紀(jì)九十年代,以經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為主的山西資源型經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型被逐步提上日程,經(jīng)過十余年的發(fā)展,山西經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型與升級等方面取得了一定成績,也存在著諸多不足,這也是山西省今后轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的努力方向。山西當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型既是山西經(jīng)濟(jì)跨越發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實要求,也是產(chǎn)業(yè)升級要求和低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)制約條件下的必然選擇。轉(zhuǎn)型的方向則是建立一個新的多元化的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,實現(xiàn)由粗放式、高能耗、高污染的傳統(tǒng)增長方式向集約型、技術(shù)型的現(xiàn)代增長轉(zhuǎn)型,同時培育和營造與此相適應(yīng)的生態(tài)環(huán)境、人文環(huán)境與政治環(huán)境。 本文通過對技術(shù)進(jìn)步與長期經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的歷史比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有巨大的推動作用,特別是對區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的影響不可替代,對產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的進(jìn)度和梯度具有決定性作用。在山西經(jīng)濟(jì)處于相對領(lǐng)先位置時,技術(shù)進(jìn)步往往也是相對突出的,而當(dāng)技術(shù)水平和創(chuàng)新水平相對不足之時,山西的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也相對滯后于全國。注重基礎(chǔ)教育和科研創(chuàng)新,加大對人力資本的投資力度,必將推動山西經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展。 通過山西歷次經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的分析表明,山西經(jīng)濟(jì)的長期轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展既符合人類歷史發(fā)展演進(jìn)的一般規(guī)律,也具有獨(dú)特性。相對于歷史時期革命性經(jīng)濟(jì)變革,當(dāng)前山西的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型是一種獨(dú)特的地方轉(zhuǎn)型模式的新探索,是一種資源型經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的嘗試,也是一項市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體系和體制機(jī)制的深化改革。
[Abstract]:In order to better grasp the development path of Shanxi long-term economic transformation, understanding the basic laws of Shanxi resource dependent economy to form the historical and cultural background and regional economic development, this paper will study the perspective from the current point to expand the long-term historical development process, analyze the transformation from the historical perspective on the long-term Shanxi's long-term economic transformation and resources type of economy, history and summarizes the rules of long-term development of Shanxi's economy and transformation, promote regional economic history of Shanxi deeply, but also has strong theoretical and practical development of Shanxi in the new period of economic significance.
The economic and social changes in Shanxi has its own uniqueness. Because of its natural and geographical conditions, and the contradiction between the increasing population and can be used for hunting and gathering increasingly scarce resources, leading to the marginal product of labor gatherer decline, transition of Shanxi earlier achieved hunting and gathering period from primitive society to primitive animal husbandry. Industry and agriculture, but also because of the natural environment and its agriculture and animal husbandry should be the unique geographical position and the government's policy, from Yu Xia to the song and Yuan Dynasties three thousand years, Shanxi is dominated by farming agriculture and could not directly become the leading sectors of the economy, but in the rise and fall of the animal husbandry changes gradually to establish the dominant position of traditional agricultural economy. In the process of agricultural development in the limited land is not enough to support the increasing population, engaged in handicraft industry gradually increased or go out of business people, to During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi commercial development and prosperity, and even formed a "ten Jia six, seven" situation. Due to the dependence on commercial prosperity and the path thus formed, resulting in the appearance of modern industry in Shanxi is relatively backward. Because Shanxi commercial accumulation of strong capital, during the rule of Yan Xishan and a series of measures to promote. The development of modern industry in Shanxi after the hair, to twentieth Century three, in 40s, became the industrial province. However, due to the iron and steel, machinery, chemical, electric power, building materials and other aspects invested a lot of capital, and in the light industry construction of government investment is quite small, resulting in the unbalance of industrial structure in Shanxi, and then influence of the development of Shanxi's economy after the new Chinese was established.
After the new China was founded in the advantages of natural resources, the comprehensive effect of multiple factors of national economic policy and industrial investment tilt policy, development of resource-based economy. Especially in Shanxi on promoting the large-scale investment, after the founding of the construction of key projects, in 70s six, the three line construction and reform after the opening of large-scale energy base construction in Shanxi, and ultimately the formation of regional economic system resources. The excessive heavy on coal resources dependence lead to sustainable economic development in Shanxi is more and more weak, resource endowment and resource curse has become a hot issue in the economic development of Shanxi. By twentieth Century 90s, with the adjustment of economic structure of Shanxi resource-based economy is gradually put on the agenda, after more than ten years of development, Shanxi strategic adjustment of economic structure and technological transformation and upgrading has been made into The achievements, there are also many problems, which is in Shanxi province in the future direction of the transformation and development of Shanxi. The current economic transformation is the realistic requirement of Shanxi economic development, but also the requirements of industrial upgrading and low carbon economy restrict the inevitable choice conditions. The direction of the transformation is to establish a new diversified system of leading industry, from extensive, high energy consumption, high pollution of the traditional growth mode to intensive growth, modern technology transformation, and cultivate and create ecological environment to adapt to this, the humanities environment and the political environment.
Based on the technological progress and long-term economic development in the history of comparative analysis shows that the technological innovation has great role in promoting regional economic growth, especially the impact on the regional industrial upgrading is irreplaceable, play a decisive role in the progress of industrial upgrading and economic gradient. In Shanxi in a relatively leading position, technological progress is often relatively outstanding, but when the relative lack of technical level and innovation level, the development of Shanxi's economy is relatively backward in China. On the basis of education and scientific research and innovation, increase the investment of human capital strength, will promote the transformation of the economic development of Shanxi.
Through the Shanxi previous economic transformation analysis shows that the long-term transformation of the economic development of Shanxi is in line with the general laws of human development, but also has unique characteristics. Compared with the historical period of revolutionary economic transformation, the transformation of the Shanxi economy is a new exploration of unique local transformation mode, is a kind of development of resource-based economy to try also, a market economy system and the deepening reform of institutional mechanisms.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K29;F127

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