發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-11 22:01

  本文選題：上海　切入點(diǎn)：糧食　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2005年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：上海的糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)是國(guó)家整體計(jì)劃的一部分,國(guó)家統(tǒng)購(gòu)統(tǒng)銷(xiāo)政策的出臺(tái)直接導(dǎo)致了上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的生成。但上海的糧食供應(yīng)有它自己的歷史,日偽統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的“戶口米”和1940年代末期國(guó)民黨統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的食米配售,在某種程度上也可以看作是一種“計(jì)劃供應(yīng)”。這種“計(jì)劃供應(yīng)”的負(fù)面效應(yīng)已經(jīng)變成了上海城市的痛苦記憶,以致在以后實(shí)行計(jì)劃供應(yīng)時(shí)還能感覺(jué)到它的存在。解放初期上海實(shí)行的重點(diǎn)配售和發(fā)薪搭糧,則對(duì)穩(wěn)定大局和發(fā)展合作社制度起過(guò)積極作用。作為中國(guó)最大的城市,解放后的糧食供應(yīng)得到了政府的充分保障,在統(tǒng)購(gòu)統(tǒng)銷(xiāo)前夕,全國(guó)糧食供應(yīng)出現(xiàn)緊張的時(shí)候,上海的糧情仍比較穩(wěn)定。上海糧食供應(yīng)的歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況決定了它在建立糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度過(guò)程中的特殊性。 計(jì)劃供應(yīng)是糧食供應(yīng)制度上的重大變革,為使這種變革有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有步驟有秩序地進(jìn)行,上海市建立了一套與之相適應(yīng)的、以糧食管理部門(mén)為主的糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu);并逐步形成了市、區(qū)、街道辦事處和基層單位與里弄為主線,而以基層單位與里弄為主體的宣傳動(dòng)員體系。這為上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的建立提供了組織保證與輿論基礎(chǔ)。 從步驟上看,上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的建立與國(guó)家總體步驟大體一致,但又不盡相同。它經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)過(guò)程:首先是把全市的私營(yíng)米店改造成為國(guó)營(yíng)糧食公司的代銷(xiāo)店,將其納入到國(guó)家計(jì)劃管理的軌道,從而為糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)創(chuàng)造前提條件;其次是定點(diǎn)供應(yīng),固定供應(yīng)與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系;再次是按戶計(jì)劃供應(yīng),以戶為單位將家庭用糧固定下來(lái);最后是以人定量供應(yīng),將用糧計(jì)劃落實(shí)到個(gè)人。這四步既前后相繼,又有所區(qū)別。但總的趨勢(shì)是越到后面越復(fù)雜、越細(xì)致、越嚴(yán)格。尤其是定量供應(yīng),它將個(gè)人的口糧按照勞動(dòng)差別、年齡大小進(jìn)行分等定量,然后憑票證購(gòu)糧,為此還建立了一套嚴(yán)密的票證管理制度。定量供應(yīng)辦法的實(shí)施,表明上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的最終確立。 上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)的每一步都在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生了反響。但在不同的階段,不同階層、不同人員的反應(yīng)都有所不同。這種不同既與各自的切身利益有關(guān),也與城市的歷史記憶相聯(lián),還與計(jì)劃供應(yīng)的動(dòng)員方式、宣傳效果、具體辦法等等有著密切聯(lián)系�？傮w上說(shuō),隨著計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的逐步加強(qiáng),人們的心理從最初的恐慌、不安到后來(lái)的認(rèn)同,表現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上是從最初的搶購(gòu)、囤積到后來(lái)的平靜。 考察上海糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度的建立過(guò)程,可以得出兩個(gè)方面的結(jié)論。從積極的方面看,糧食計(jì)劃供應(yīng)在產(chǎn)不應(yīng)需、供不應(yīng)求的狀況下,保證了糧價(jià)、物價(jià)的平穩(wěn)和社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定;保證了居民低水平的糧食消費(fèi)。從消極方面看,糧食計(jì)劃供
[Abstract]:The grain supply plan in Shanghai is part of the overall national plan, and the introduction of the national unified purchase and marketing policy has directly led to the formation of the grain planning supply system in Shanghai. However, the grain supply in Shanghai has its own history. "Hukou rice" during the period of Japanese-puppet rule and rice placing during the late 1940s Kuomintang rule, To some extent, it can also be seen as a "planned supply". The negative effect of this "planned supply" has become a painful memory of the Shanghai city. Even when the planned supply was implemented later, the existence of it could be felt. In the early years of liberation, the key distribution and distribution of wages and grain in Shanghai played a positive role in stabilizing the overall situation and developing the cooperative system. As the largest city in China, The food supply after liberation was fully guaranteed by the government. On the eve of the unified purchase and sale, the national grain supply was tight. The situation of grain supply in Shanghai is still stable, and the history and reality of grain supply in Shanghai determine its particularity in the process of establishing grain supply system. The planned supply is a major change in the grain supply system. In order to make this change carried out step by step and in an orderly manner, Shanghai has set up a set of grain planning supply organizations with grain management department as the main part. And gradually formed the city, district, sub-district offices and grass-roots units and Linong as the main line, and grass-roots units and Linong as the main body of the propaganda and mobilization system, which provides an organizational guarantee and public opinion basis for the establishment of Shanghai grain supply system. From the step point of view, the establishment of the Shanghai Grain Program supply system is generally consistent with the overall national steps, but it is not the same. It has undergone four processes: first, it has transformed the private rice shops in the whole city into the consignment stores of the state-owned grain companies. It is put into the track of the management of the national plan, thus creating the precondition for the supply of the food plan; secondly, the fixed supply, the relation between the supply and the consumption; and again, the supply according to the household plan, the household as the unit, the household grain is fixed down; Finally, the supply is rationed by people, and the plan for the use of grain is implemented to individuals. These four steps are both successive and different. But the general trend is that the more complicated, the more meticulous, the more stringent the supply is, especially the supply of ration. It divided individual rations according to labor differences, age and size, and then purchased grain on the basis of tickets. For this purpose, it also established a strict ticket management system and the implementation of the method of rationing supply. It shows that the final establishment of Shanghai grain supply system. Every step of the supply of Shanghai's grain program has repercussions in society. But at different stages, different classes and different people react differently. This difference is not only related to their own vital interests, but also to the historical memory of the city. In general, with the gradual strengthening of the planning supply system, people's psychology has changed from initial panic to later identification. Performance in the market is from the initial buying, hoarding to later calm. Two conclusions can be drawn from the establishment of Shanghai grain planning supply system. From a positive point of view, grain planning supply can ensure the stability of grain price, price and society under the condition that output should not be needed and supply exceeds supply. The low level of food consumption of the population is guaranteed. On the negative side, the grain plan provides
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K295.1;K27

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