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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民國時期(1911-1949) 西康邊茶 貿(mào)易 以茶馭邊　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： “邊茶”,又稱為“邊銷茶”、“藏茶”等,由于曾為促進(jìn)內(nèi)地與藏區(qū)的貿(mào)易發(fā)展起到了無與倫比的作用,在鑄就漢藏民族團(tuán)結(jié)的歷史進(jìn)程中一直扮演著十分重要的角色,邊茶也因此被賦予了更多的政治屬性,被歷朝統(tǒng)治者視為政治商品,“有政治上、國防上的重大作用”。以茶為基礎(chǔ)的漢藏貿(mào)易除了為漢藏人民帶來了生活的互惠,早已超越了單純的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易層面,全面深入到漢藏兩地社會、政治、文化等各領(lǐng)域,大大加深了漢藏兩族人民的感情,從而也為歷代中央政府的治藏打下了堅實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。由茶馬互市發(fā)展而來的以茶馭邊的經(jīng)邊策略更是貫穿于宋、元、明、清四朝中央政府對藏區(qū)有效的管轄與統(tǒng)治之中。 民國以來,由于國外帝國主義的覬覦,國內(nèi)政局動蕩,戰(zhàn)亂頻繁,西藏地方與祖國內(nèi)地的經(jīng)濟(jì)往來受到一定的影響。但是,西藏、西康地方的羊毛?獸皮?麝香等土特產(chǎn)仍源源不斷輸往內(nèi)地,同時,西康?川滇等地茶葉也仍然是西藏同胞日常生活必需品,只是內(nèi)地?zé)o論城市還是農(nóng)村均遭到嚴(yán)重的破壞,邊茶業(yè)也因之受到嚴(yán)重摧殘。邊茶產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量持續(xù)下降,印茶趁機(jī)利用價格低廉,交通便利等優(yōu)勢打入西藏市場。由于邊茶在漢藏政治經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系以及在國計民生中的地位,邊茶衰落所造成的危機(jī)也進(jìn)一步加劇了漢藏政治經(jīng)濟(jì)大局的危機(jī)。 民國時期(1911-1949)政府當(dāng)局鑒于邊茶業(yè)日趨衰敗的現(xiàn)狀,在晚清張蔭棠、趙爾豐等人整頓邊茶的基礎(chǔ)之上,對邊茶實(shí)施了進(jìn)一步的改良,但由于戰(zhàn)亂頻仍,社會動蕩,振興邊茶的種種措施缺乏實(shí)施的穩(wěn)定環(huán)境,加之政府的本身腐敗,昧于經(jīng)營,對邊茶業(yè)巧取豪奪,邊茶沒能出現(xiàn)振興的跡象。但這些嘗試和努力仍給后人振興邊茶提供了有益的借鑒。 本文將對以上民國時期的邊茶生產(chǎn)與貿(mào)易史、以茶馭邊政策,作一考察,進(jìn)行一番史實(shí)復(fù)原及解讀。
[Abstract]:"Border tea", also known as "border tea" and "Tibetan tea", has played an unparalleled role in the historical process of building the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities because it has played an unparalleled role in promoting the development of trade between the mainland and the Tibetan region. As a result, Bian Tea was given more political attributes and was regarded as a political commodity by the rulers of the successive dynasties. "there is a great role in politics and national defense." the Sino-Tibetan trade, which is based on tea, has brought benefits to the lives of the Chinese and Tibetan people. It has already gone beyond the level of pure economic and trade, comprehensively penetrated into the social, political, cultural and other fields of the Han and Tibetan communities, and greatly deepened the feelings of the people of the Han and Tibetan communities. It also laid a solid foundation for the control of Tibet by the central government of the past dynasties. The strategy of controlling the border with tea developed from the exchange of tea and horse ran through the effective jurisdiction and rule of the central government of the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties over the Tibetan area in the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Since the Republic of China, due to foreign imperialist coveting, domestic political instability, frequent war, Tibet and the mainland of the country's economic exchanges have been affected to a certain extent. However, Tibet, Xikang local wool? Hide? Local products such as musk continue to be exported to the mainland, while Xikang? Sichuan-Yunnan and other places also remain daily necessities of life for Tibetan compatriots. However, the inland areas, both urban and rural, have been severely damaged, and the edge tea industry has also been severely damaged. The production and quality of tea at the edge of the border have continued to decline. Indian tea takes advantage of the advantages of low prices and convenient transportation to enter the Tibetan market. Because of the position of border tea in the political and economic ties between Han and Tibet and in the national economy and people's livelihood, The crisis caused by the decline of border tea has further aggravated the crisis of the political and economic situation of Han and Tibet. In view of the declining situation of the Bian tea industry, the government authorities, on the basis of the rectification of Bian Tea by Zhang Yin-tang and Zhao Erfeng in the late Qing Dynasty, implemented further improvements to the Bian Tea, but because of the frequent war, the society was in turmoil. The lack of a stable environment for the implementation of the various measures to revitalize the Bian Tea, coupled with the corruption of the government itself, makes it impossible to operate and extorts money from the border tea industry. There is no sign of rejuvenation in Bian tea, but these attempts and efforts still provide useful reference for future generations. In this paper, the history of border tea production and trade in the period of the Republic of China, the policy of controlling the edge of tea, will be investigated, and the historical facts will be restored and interpreted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F752.9;F426.82;K297

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1524943