【摘要】：本文研究“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期的山西農(nóng)田水利建設(shè),時(shí)間為1957一1960年。之所以選擇以1957年冬季為起點(diǎn),是因?yàn)槎嗄陙硇纬闪嗣磕甓洪_展大規(guī)模群眾性的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)的慣例。選擇該題來撰寫碩士畢業(yè)論文,是基于以下幾點(diǎn):一是農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)事關(guān)人類生存、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步,歷來是推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和治國安邦的大事。二是由“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期在建國以來山西農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)史上的重要性決定的。舊中國農(nóng)田水利經(jīng)久失修,新中國的成立改變了落后的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系,為農(nóng)田水利事業(yè)的發(fā)展開辟了道路。鑒于解決自然災(zāi)害的強(qiáng)烈訴求以及農(nóng)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的基礎(chǔ)性地位,從1957年冬季開始,一場席卷全國范圍的大規(guī)模農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)運(yùn)動(dòng)逐漸形成。三是“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)到目前為止還沒有人作深入系統(tǒng)的研究,本文試圖在此問題上做些有益的嘗試�！按筌S進(jìn)”時(shí)期山西省農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)雖然是在全國統(tǒng)一部署和要求下開展的,但深深地打上了山西的烙印。該省地處中緯度的內(nèi)陸,加上地形、氣候的復(fù)雜性,水資源貧乏成為山西省最大的資源劣勢。山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)主要是為了抵御旱災(zāi),解決農(nóng)田的灌溉問題。1957年秋,山西遭遇了建國以來最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi),為了減輕干旱給人民的生產(chǎn)生活帶來的不利影響,山西各級政府積極領(lǐng)導(dǎo)廣大人民開展大規(guī)模的抗旱保苗運(yùn)動(dòng)。隨后,運(yùn)動(dòng)向更深層發(fā)展,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向了農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)方面的“大躍進(jìn)”,其內(nèi)容主要是打水井,以及興修小、中、大型的水庫。大規(guī)模農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)的開展,勢必碰到許多難題,如群眾思想上的疑惑、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)人員的缺乏、資金不足和物資供應(yīng)困難等,都需要一一加以解決�！按筌S進(jìn)”時(shí)期山西農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)的開展很大程度上是基于山西農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需要,即使沒有全國“大躍進(jìn)”的背景,山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)也勢在必行。這一時(shí)期山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)取得的成就是有目共睹的,期間修建的許多大、中型水利工程至今仍發(fā)揮著重要作用。但在全國“大躍進(jìn)”高潮的背景下,山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)也出現(xiàn)了不小問題,突出表現(xiàn)為盲目追求高指標(biāo),工程規(guī)模超出了當(dāng)時(shí)山西省的實(shí)際能力,水利工程明顯存在著重?cái)?shù)量輕質(zhì)量的問題,留下了深刻教訓(xùn)。本文對“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期山西的農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)進(jìn)行了考察,對農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)過程中的政府動(dòng)態(tài)、組織動(dòng)員、建設(shè)中遇到的困難以及取得的成績和失誤進(jìn)行了闡述與分析,試圖理清事情發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),使人們客觀地認(rèn)識(shí)這段歷史。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, from 1957 to 1960. The reason for choosing the winter of 1957 as the starting point is that for many years the practice of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction has been established in winter and spring every year. It is based on the following points: first, the construction of farmland and water conservancy is related to the survival of human beings, economic development and social progress, and has always been a major event in promoting agricultural production and administering the country and peace. The second is determined by the importance of the Great Leap forward period in the history of farmland and water conservancy construction in Shanxi since the founding of the people's Republic of China. The establishment of new China changed the backward relations of production and opened the way for the development of farmland and water conservancy. In view of the strong demand for solving natural disasters and the basic position of agriculture in the national economy, a large-scale farmland and water conservancy construction movement sweeping the whole country has gradually formed since the winter of 1957. Third, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the "Great Leap forward" period has not been studied deeply and systematically so far. This paper attempts to make some beneficial attempts on this issue. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi Province was carried out under the unified arrangement and requirement of the whole country, but it was deeply branded by Shanxi. Due to the landform and climate complexity, the water shortage is the biggest resource disadvantage in Shanxi Province. The construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is mainly to resist drought and solve the irrigation problem of farmland. In the autumn of 1957, Shanxi was hit by the worst drought since the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the drought on people's production and life. Shanxi government at all levels actively led the broad masses of people to carry out a large-scale drought-resistant seedling-protection campaign. Later, the movement moved deeper, gradually turning to the "Great Leap forward" in irrigation and water conservancy construction, which mainly involved drilling wells and building small, medium and large reservoirs. The development of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction is bound to encounter many difficult problems, such as the ideological doubts of the masses, the shortage of labor and technical personnel, the shortage of funds and the difficulties in the supply of materials, and so on, all of which need to be solved one by one. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the development of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi was largely based on the needs of Shanxi's agricultural development. Even without the background of "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is imperative. The achievements of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi during this period are obvious to all, and many large and medium-sized water conservancy projects built during this period still play an important role. However, against the background of the high tide of the "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi Province has also appeared a lot of problems, which is manifested in the blind pursuit of high targets, and the scale of the project exceeded the actual capacity of Shanxi Province at that time. Water conservancy projects obviously exist the problem of heavy quantity and light quality, leaving a profound lesson. This paper investigates the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, and expounds and analyzes the government dynamics, organizational mobilization, difficulties encountered in the construction, achievements and mistakes made in the process of the construction of irrigation and water conservancy. Try to clarify the development of the context of things, so that people objectively understand this section of history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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