本文選題：晚清 + 文官�。� 參考：《安徽師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：晚清時期的文官懲戒制度，是對前清文官懲戒制度的繼承和發(fā)展。 晚清行政處分主要以大清會典和則例為懲戒依據，會典是前清各單項法律的源頭，具有法源性質，《欽定吏部處分則例》和《欽定六部處分則例》是其最直接的法律依據；晚清刑事處罰主要以條例和刑律為懲戒依據。但是，上述行政處分和刑事處罰的法律法規(guī)依據并沒有嚴格的界限，兩者之間存在著既獨立又統(tǒng)一的關系。 晚清文官懲戒的范圍非常廣泛。既包括官員個人的道德品質、為官能力、從政業(yè)績、身體狀況，還包括對家人的管束是否到位。其中，對于官員的違背禮制、貪污索賄、玩忽懈怠以及侵害民生等幾個方面的懲處也最為嚴厲。行政處分的類型主要有罰俸、降級和革職等，刑事處罰的類型主要有笞、杖、徒、流以及死刑等。吏部主要負責官員的行政處分，刑部主要負責刑事處罰，重大案件需要會同都察院和大理寺共同辦理，特別重大的案件，有時皇帝也會參與。其最終懲戒結果都需要上報皇帝，請皇帝下旨定奪，任何機構和個人都不能擅自懲戒官員。 道、咸、同、光四朝均對律例進行了修訂，特別是光緒朝，制定了《大清現行刑律》和《大清新刑律》。在懲戒內容上刪除了大量酷刑，體現了人文情懷和現代化制度的特點，在懲戒機構上也發(fā)生變化，地方上設立高等審判廳，懲戒機制更加完備，已經呈現出現代化的趨勢。 晚清時期的文官懲戒制度，仍然是封建性質的。原因在于不論是立法權還是懲戒執(zhí)行權力都集中于皇帝一人之手。雖然晚清文官懲戒制度存在著諸多的缺陷與不足，但它繼承了古代文官懲戒法律的架構和內容，吸收了西方文官懲戒法律的長處，并結合自己的實際情況，制定了較為完備的懲戒律例，建立起比較有效文官懲戒制度，對于肅清吏治，建立高效的官員隊伍起到了重大作用，同時對于北洋政府和南京國民政府文官懲戒法律的制定，以及當今的公務員隊伍建設都產生了深遠的影響。
[Abstract]:The civil disciplinary system in the late Qing Dynasty was the inheritance and development of the civil official disciplinary system in the former Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, the administrative punishment was mainly based on the rules and rules of the Great Qing Dynasty, which was the source of the individual laws of the former Qing Dynasty, and had the nature of law source. The rules on the disposition of officials in the Imperial order and the rules on the disposition of the six departments in the Qing Dynasty were the most direct legal basis. In the late Qing Dynasty, criminal punishment was mainly based on regulations and criminal laws. However, there are no strict limits on the legal and regulatory basis of the above administrative and criminal penalties, and there is an independent and unified relationship between the two. The range of civil official discipline in the late Qing Dynasty was very wide. It includes both the personal moral character of the official, the ability to serve as an official, the performance of the government, the physical condition, and whether the control of the family is in place. Among them, officials against etiquette, corruption and bribery, play slacking and infringing the people's livelihood and other aspects of the punishment is the most severe. The main types of administrative punishment are penalization, demotion and dismissal, and the types of criminal punishment are caning, staff, apostasy, flow and death penalty. Officials are mainly responsible for the administrative punishment, the Department of Criminal punishment is mainly responsible for criminal punishment, major cases need to be handled jointly with the capital court and Dali Temple, especially important cases, sometimes the emperor will also participate. The final punishment needs to be reported to the emperor, and no institution or individual can punish officials without authorization. Tao, salty, same, light four dynasties have carried on the revision to the law, especially the Guang Xu dynasty, has formulated the "Qing Dynasty current Criminal Law" and "the Great fresh Criminal Law". A large number of torture has been deleted in the disciplinary content, which reflects the humanistic feelings and the characteristics of the modern system, and has also changed in the disciplinary institutions. The establishment of the higher judicial hall in the local areas has made the disciplinary mechanism more complete and has shown a trend of modernization. The civil disciplinary system in the late Qing Dynasty was still feudal in nature. The reason is that both legislative and disciplinary executive powers are concentrated in the emperor's one-man hand. Although there are many defects and deficiencies in the civil official disciplinary system in the late Qing Dynasty, it inherits the structure and content of the ancient civil official disciplinary law, absorbs the strengths of the western civil official disciplinary law, and combines with its own actual situation. The relatively complete disciplinary laws and regulations and the establishment of a more effective civil disciplinary system have played an important role in the clean-up of officials and the establishment of an efficient contingent of officials. At the same time, they have also played an important role in the formulation of the civil official disciplinary laws of the Beiyang Government and the Nanjing National Government. As well as today's civil service construction has produced the profound influence.
【學位授予單位】：安徽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252;D691.4

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 柏樺;從歷史檔案看清代對州縣官吏的懲處制度[J];北方論叢;1994年04期

2 孟姝芳;;清代官員行政處分制度[J];歷史教學;2006年10期

3 孟姝芳;;清代皇權在官員處分中的決定性作用[J];內蒙古社會科學(漢文版);2006年05期

4 陳一容;晚清文官考核制度述論[J];重慶三峽學院學報;2004年02期

5 艾永明;清朝文官考績制度及其實施狀況[J];法制與社會發(fā)展;2003年05期

6 徐春霞;甘迎春;;清代州縣官懲處制度探析[J];蘭臺世界;2007年08期

7 顧新生;近代西方資產階級的文官制度[J];史學月刊;1989年06期

8 王連升,張元城;中國傳統(tǒng)文官制與西方近代文官制辨異[J];天津社會科學;1989年04期

9 張建國;懲貪肅賄法制的歷史考察[J];中外法學;1995年06期

10 陳一容;;清代官吏懲戒制度及其失敗原因初探[J];西南大學學報(人文社會科學版);2006年03期

，

本文編號：2038487