本文選題：王造時 + 國民性��； 參考：《吉首大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代以來,中國面臨內(nèi)憂外患,國家許多主權(quán)被列強掠奪,百姓飽受列強壓迫,國家面臨亡國滅種的危機,許多先進的知識分子眼見國家遭受危機,迫切希望改變中國,于是開始了器物改革、制度改革、文化改革,但一次次變革,一次次失敗,這使他們從這些改革的失敗教訓(xùn)中反思如何才能改變中國受侵略、壓迫的現(xiàn)狀,如何才能實現(xiàn)救亡圖存,這就是當(dāng)時中國的愛國知識分子提出國民性改造的主要目的。在國民性改造的洪流中,王造時在《新月》、《主張與批評》、《自由論壇》上發(fā)表大量文章,旨在揭示中國國民性,并提出改造國民性的主張。全文主要分為五個部分。緒論部分,主要是關(guān)于對王造時研究情況的綜述和對該主題的總體把握。第一章主要是對王造時國民性改造思想的時代背景進行分析。中國自晚清以來不斷加深的民族危機,近代以來中國先進知識分子救國探索的失敗,西方民主思想的影響是王造時提出國民性改造思想的背景。第二章主要是以王造時在《新月》上發(fā)表的文章和《荒謬集》為基礎(chǔ),分析國民性改造思想對國民性的揭示和提出的改造國民性的主張。王造時國民性改造思想的主要內(nèi)容包含了對國民性的揭示和改造國民性的主張。王造時從國家觀念的缺失、國民自私、虛偽好面子、國民進取精神削弱、國民理性的缺乏四個方面闡述對國民性的揭示。同時王造時從三個方面闡述改造國民性的主張,一是建立民主政治,提高民主、參政思想;二是保障國家健全,發(fā)展國家經(jīng)濟,提升國家觀念;三是解放思想,恢復(fù)民族自信力,加強國民個性發(fā)展。第三章主要分析王造時提出的國民性改造思想的評價。王造時國民性改造思想以“九一八事變”為界,前后的轉(zhuǎn)變與當(dāng)時的抗日形勢密切相關(guān),而他改造國民性的主張對于促進國民覺醒、加速近代國家國民思想傳播、促進民主政治的建立有一定的積極意義;在特殊的抗戰(zhàn)歷史時期,他傳達的思想主張有利于民族參加抗戰(zhàn)、民族自衛(wèi),有利于恢復(fù)民族自信力。但王造時國民性改造思想也有一定的局限性,民國經(jīng)歷和留學(xué)歐美經(jīng)歷使王造時接受了西方先進的民主思想,對中國傳統(tǒng)的認識存在片面性,對蔣介石時期的國民黨本質(zhì)認識不清,部分主張在具體的實踐中也存在一定的理想性。結(jié)語部分是全文的一個總結(jié)和延伸,主要說明國民性改造是個必要的課題,王造時的國民性改造思想在近代有一定的積極作用。王造時的國民性改造思想與胡適的國民性改造思想有相同和不同之處,但無疑都在促進國民思想覺醒上有積極意義,有利于近代中國國民思想的傳播,有利于強化國民國家觀念和國民對國家的忠誠,有利于國民積極參與民族自衛(wèi)。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, China has been confronted with internal and external troubles, many state sovereignty has been plundered by foreign powers, the people have been oppressed by foreign powers, the country is facing the crisis of subjugation and extinction, and many advanced intellectuals, seeing that the country has suffered a crisis, are eager to change China. As a result, they began to reform their implements, systems, culture, but again and again, and failed again and again. This made them reflect on how to change the status quo of China's aggression and oppression from the failure of these reforms. How to save the nation from death was the main purpose of the patriotic intellectuals at that time. In the torrent of the reform of national character, Wang published a large number of articles in "New Moon", "Proposition and criticism", "Forum of Freedom", aimed at revealing the national character of China and putting forward the idea of reforming the national character. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction part is mainly about the summary of Wang Zanshi's research and the general grasp of the subject. The first chapter mainly analyzes the background of Wang's thought of national character reform. The deepening national crisis in China since the late Qing Dynasty, the failure of the exploration of saving the country from the advanced intellectuals in modern times, and the influence of western democratic thought are the background of Wang Zangshi's thought of reforming the national character. The second chapter is mainly based on the articles published in the New Moon and the absurd Collection, and analyzes the revelation of the national character and the proposition of the reform of the national character by the thought of reforming the national character. The main content of Wang's thought of national character reform includes the revelation of national character and the idea of reforming national character. Wang Zou-shi expounds the revelation of national character from four aspects: lack of national concept, national selfishness, hypocrisy and good face, weakening of national enterprising spirit and lack of national rationality. At the same time, Wang Chaoshi expounded the idea of reforming the national character from three aspects: first, to establish democratic politics, to improve democracy, and to participate in politics; second, to ensure a sound state, to develop the national economy, and to promote the concept of the state; and third, to emancipate the mind. Restore national self-confidence, strengthen the development of national personality. The third chapter mainly analyzes the evaluation of Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform. Wang's thought of reforming the national character was defined by the "September 18 incident", and the changes before and after the transformation were closely related to the situation of resistance against Japan at that time. However, his idea of reforming the national character had an effect on promoting the awakening of the people and speeding up the dissemination of national thoughts in modern times. In the special period of the history of the War of Resistance against Japan, the ideas he conveyed were favorable to the participation of the nation in the War of Resistance against Japan, national self-defense, and the restoration of national self-confidence. However, Wang's thought of reforming the national character also had some limitations. The experience of the Republic of China and the experience of studying in Europe and the United States made Wang accept the advanced democratic thought of the West, and there was a one-sidedness in his understanding of Chinese tradition. The essence of the Kuomintang in Jiang Jieshi period is not clear, and some of them are idealistic in concrete practice. The conclusion part is a summary and extension of the full text, which mainly shows that the reform of national character is a necessary subject, and Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform has a certain positive effect in modern times. There are similarities and differences between Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform and Hu Shi's thought of national character reform, but both of them undoubtedly have positive significance in promoting the awakening of national thought, which is beneficial to the spread of modern Chinese national thought. It helps to strengthen the national concept of state and national loyalty to the country, and to actively participate in national self-defense.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K25

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本文編號：1781625