本文選題：畸變 + 頻率(高低頻)　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從1980年Kutas等首次發(fā)現(xiàn)N400以來,許多心理學(xué)專家圍繞這一腦電成分開展了大量語言認(rèn)知的研究,對N400做出了不同解釋,提出了不同的N400認(rèn)知加工理論。早期,關(guān)于N400的認(rèn)知加工機(jī)制的爭論主要集中在詞匯后整合理論和詞匯加工理論,不久前,Kutas等又提出了語義提取理論,此外還有,交互激活模型、多階段加工等理論模型。詞匯后整合理論認(rèn)為N400反映了語義整合難度,整合難度越大,相應(yīng)地誘發(fā)的N400就越大；反之,則越小�；趩卧~產(chǎn)生器模型提出的詞匯加工理論則認(rèn)為,N400反映了自動擴(kuò)散激活水平,啟動刺激的自動激活影響到靶刺激的激活水平。根據(jù)語義提取理論,N400腦電成分是語義加工的指標(biāo)。交互激活模型也是一種重要的理論模型,IA主要有兩種加工方式——串聯(lián)式加工和交互激活式加工。多階段加工理論則認(rèn)為詞匯的識別可以分成前后相繼的不同的加工階段。 對于N400的研究大多數(shù)是采用了英文實驗材料,但是,中英文是兩種完全不同的語言體系,英文屬于拼音文字,其語義的提取主要靠語音,而中文是一種象形文字,其語義的提取主要靠正字法等字形信息,本研究以漢字為實驗材料,采用語義啟動范式和詞匯判斷任務(wù),研究畸變漢字所誘發(fā)的N400等腦電成分。 實驗一是高頻實驗,靶刺激的頻率范圍是130-2211.1次/百萬,涉及到兩個被試內(nèi)變量：語義變量(啟動、無啟動)和畸變變量(畸變、清晰),是兩因素的被試內(nèi)設(shè)計。分析腦電數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在300-500ms時間窗口上,N400的啟動效應(yīng)和畸變效應(yīng)均顯著,也就是說,無啟動比啟動條件誘發(fā)了更負(fù)的N400成分,清晰刺激比畸變刺激誘發(fā)了更大的N400。在150-300ms時間窗口上,畸變潛伏期和峰值的主效應(yīng)均顯著,即畸變刺激誘發(fā)的P2潛伏期更久,波幅更大。在左右兩側(cè)的枕葉上,選取150-250ms時間窗口,統(tǒng)計分析腦電數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),無論是潛伏期檢驗還是峰值檢驗,畸變的主效應(yīng)均顯著,即畸變刺激誘發(fā)的成分出現(xiàn)更晚,峰值更大,并且還發(fā)現(xiàn),畸變和左右側(cè)枕葉有交互作用,進(jìn)一步的簡單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在右枕葉上,畸變比清晰條件誘發(fā)了更負(fù)的N170成分,符合和支持了N170的偏側(cè)化特點。 實驗二是低頻實驗,靶刺激的頻率范圍是7.7-23.2次/百萬。對低頻實驗的腦電數(shù)據(jù)做重復(fù)測量方差分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在300-500ms時間窗口上,畸變的主效應(yīng)顯著,而啟動的主效應(yīng)不顯著,這可能是受頻率的影響。在150-300ms時間窗口上,對P2的潛伏期做方差分析發(fā)現(xiàn),畸變的主效應(yīng)顯著,并且在Midline上,啟動和畸變的交互作用顯著,進(jìn)一步的簡單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在畸變條件下,無啟動條件比啟動條件誘發(fā)可更大的腦電成分,而在清晰條件下,無啟動和啟動條件沒有顯著差異。對P2成分的峰值作檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn),畸變的主效應(yīng)顯著,即畸變條件誘發(fā)了更大的P2成分。在150-250ms時間窗口上,畸變的主效應(yīng)也顯著。 無論高頻實驗還是低頻實驗,畸變刺激均比清晰條件誘發(fā)了較大的N400。并且,在400-450ms時間窗口上作電極點、高低頻、啟動和畸變的四因素重復(fù)測量方差分析,結(jié)果表明,畸變和頻率的交互作用顯著,進(jìn)一步的簡單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在高頻條件下,清晰比畸變刺激誘發(fā)了更負(fù)的N400。N400的畸變效應(yīng)一方面可能是因為畸變的語義串聯(lián),刺激的畸變影響到了漢字的語義加工；另一方面,可能是家族大小的影響,畸變漢字沒有其它家族成員,家族小,而其它清晰漢字的家族成員要比畸變漢字多,家族越大越大誘發(fā)的N400越大。這些結(jié)果也符合和驗證了交互激活串聯(lián)加工的預(yù)期。 N400的畸變效應(yīng)還體現(xiàn)在P2和N170成分上。無論是高頻實驗還是低頻實驗,畸變條件誘發(fā)的P2均比清晰條件更負(fù),畸變刺激誘發(fā)的P2也比清晰刺激出現(xiàn)的晚。 畸變的主效應(yīng)顯著,畸變和頻率的交互作用顯著,這一結(jié)果符合和驗證了串聯(lián)加工的預(yù)測,支持交互激活模型。在高頻實驗中,N170的畸變效應(yīng)顯著,并且左右半球存在差異,支持了N170反映“專家化”加工的理論,并且進(jìn)一步證明了N170具有偏側(cè)化的特點。
[Abstract]:Since the first discovery of N400 in 1980, many psychological experts have carried out a great deal of study of language cognition around this electroencephalogram. Different interpretations of N400 have been made and different N400 cognitive processing theories have been put forward. In the early days, the main arguments about the cognitive processing mechanism of N400 should be focused on the post lexical integration theory and the lexical processing theory. Not long ago, Kutas and so on put forward the theory of semantic extraction, in addition to the theoretical model of interactive activation model and multi stage processing. The theory of post integration thinks that N400 reflects the difficulty of semantic integration, the more difficult the integration is, the greater the N400 will be induced, and vice versa, the smaller. The theory of vocabulary processing based on the word generator model is the theory of word processing. It is considered that N400 reflects the level of automatic diffusion activation, and the automatic activation of the stimulus affects the activation level of the target stimulus. According to the semantic extraction theory, the N400 EEG is an indicator of semantic processing. The interactive activation model is also an important theoretical model, and there are two main types of addition process in IA - tandem and interactive activation. Multistage processing theory holds that lexical recognition can be divided into successive stages of processing.
Most of the research on N400 is the use of English experimental materials, but the Chinese and English are two different language systems. English belongs to the phonetic alphabet. Its semantic extraction depends mainly on the pronunciation, while the Chinese is a pictographic text. The semantic extraction is mainly based on the orthographic information. The study takes Chinese as the experimental material and uses the language. The N400 and other EEG components induced by distorted Chinese characters were studied by semantic priming paradigm and lexical judgment task.
The first is the high frequency experiment. The frequency range of the target stimulation is 130-2211.1 times per million. It involves two internal variables: the semantic variable (starting, no start) and distortion (aberration, clarity). It is the internal design of the two factors. The analysis of EEG data shows that the starting effect and distortion effect of N400 are all obvious on the 300-500ms time window. That is to say, a more negative N400 component is induced by no startup ratio. Clear stimulation induces a greater N400. in the 150-300ms time window than the distortion stimulus. The main effect of the distortion incubation period and peak value is significant, that is, the P2 latency of the aberration stimulation is longer and the amplitude is greater. The 150-250ms time is selected on the left and right sides of the occipital lobe. In the window, the statistical analysis of EEG data shows that the main effect of the distortion is significant, whether it is the latency test or the peak test, that is, the distortion induced components appear later and the peak value is larger. Furthermore, the distortion and the left and right occipital leaves have interaction, and the further simple effect analysis shows that the distortion is better than the clear bar on the right occipital lobe. A more negative N170 component was induced, which accords with and supports the lateralization of N170.
Experiment two is a low frequency experiment. The frequency range of target stimulation is 7.7-23.2 times per million. Repeated measurement of variance analysis of EEG data in low frequency experiments shows that the main effect of the distortion is remarkable on the 300-500ms time window, but the main effect of the start is not significant. This may be influenced by the frequency. On the 150-300ms time window, the latency to P2 The analysis of variance analysis found that the main effect of the distortion was significant, and the interaction between the start and distortion was significant on Midline. Further simple effect analysis found that under the condition of distortion, no starting condition could induce more brain electrical components than starting conditions, but there was no significant difference between starting and starting conditions under clear strip. P2 It is found that the main effect of the distortion is significant, that is, the distortion condition induces a larger P2 component. In the 150-250ms time window, the main effect of the distortion is also significant.
In both high frequency and low frequency experiments, the distortion stimulation induced a larger N400. than the clear condition. The four factors of the electrode point, the high frequency, the start and the distortion are repeated on the 400-450ms time window. The results show that the interaction between the distortion and the frequency is significant, and the further simple effect analysis is found in the high frequency strip. On the other hand, the distortion effect of a clearer than the aberration stimulation may be caused by a more negative N400.N400 distortion effect on the one hand, which may be due to the distortion of the semantic series, the stimulation of the distortion affects the semantic processing of Chinese characters; on the other hand, it may be the influence of the family size, the distortion of the Chinese character has no other family members, the family is small, and the family members of the other clear Chinese characters are required. The larger the larger the larger the family, the larger the N400 induced by the larger families. These results also meet and verify the anticipation of interactive activation series processing.
The distortion effect of N400 is also reflected in the components of P2 and N170. Both high frequency and low frequency experiments, the distortion induced P2 is more negative than the clear condition, and the P2 induced by the distortion stimulation is also later than the clear stimulus.
The main effect of the distortion is significant, the interaction between the distortion and the frequency is significant. This result conforms to and validates the prediction of the series processing and supports the interactive activation model. In the high frequency experiment, the distortion effect of N170 is significant and the left and right hemispheres are different, which support the theory of "expert" processing by N170, and further prove that N170 has The characteristics of lateralization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 陳璇,宋e，

本文編號：1941089