【摘要】：受歐洲文化傳統(tǒng)影響,美國人曾將森林視為"野蠻"的象征和"文明"的對立物。這一觀念為美國人的毀林行為提供了倫理上的正義性。但隨著毀林所帶來的生態(tài)和社會后果日益凸顯,美國社會對森林的態(tài)度也從原來的敵視轉(zhuǎn)向欣賞,這種認(rèn)知轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹髞淼纳直Ｗo(hù)運動做出了輿論準(zhǔn)備。以繆爾為首的自然保護(hù)派和以平肖為首的資源保護(hù)派之間的分歧,不僅反映出二者關(guān)于森林保護(hù)的目的、道路和手段之間的差異,也體現(xiàn)了生態(tài)中心主義和人類中心主義兩種保護(hù)理念的差別。在森林觀念發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的同時,美國社會對植樹造林活動的認(rèn)識也經(jīng)歷了一番變化,從早年試圖改變氣候、防治水土流失和砍伐地復(fù)植等針對性很強的保護(hù)活動,日益淪為掩蓋美國社會破壞森林行為、對環(huán)境過度索取的奢靡性消費方式的工具。
[Abstract]:Influenced by European cultural traditions, Americans used to regard forests as symbols of barbarism and opposites of civilization. This concept provides ethical justice for American deforestation. However, with the ecological and social consequences of deforestation becoming more and more prominent, the attitude of American society towards forest has changed from hostility to appreciation, and this cognition has changed into the preparation of public opinion for the later forest protection movement. The differences between the nature conservationists headed by Muir and the resource conservationists headed by Pinshaw not only reflect the differences between the two schools on the purpose, road and means of forest protection, but also reflect the differences between the two conservation concepts of ecocentrism and humanitarianism. At the same time, the concept of forest has changed, and the understanding of afforestation activities in American society has also undergone some changes, from the early years trying to change the climate, preventing and controlling soil and water loss and replanting land and other targeted conservation activities, has increasingly become a tool to cover up the behavior of forest destruction and excessive demand for the environment in the United States.
【作者單位】： 南開大學(xué)世界近現(xiàn)代史研究中心;
【基金】：教育部重點研究基地重大招標(biāo)課題《美國歷史上的社會轉(zhuǎn)型研究》(項目編號:16JJD770027)的階段性成果
【分類號】：K712

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