【摘要】：同為世界大國(guó)的美國(guó)和英國(guó),因第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),二者的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)地位發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化。美國(guó)成為世界第一經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó),而英國(guó)則淪為名副其實(shí)的二流國(guó)家。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的差距帶來(lái)了國(guó)際地位的變化,也使美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策發(fā)生了相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)變。擁有超強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的美國(guó)欲在世界格局發(fā)生重大變化的敏感時(shí)期建立以美國(guó)為主導(dǎo)的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序,這與英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的貨幣與貿(mào)易政策產(chǎn)生矛盾。美國(guó)在英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退、財(cái)政遇到困難之際接連向英國(guó)發(fā)難,不斷利用強(qiáng)勢(shì)經(jīng)濟(jì)外交排擠、打壓英國(guó)勢(shì)力。當(dāng)國(guó)際局勢(shì)發(fā)生變化時(shí),在立足新秩序的前提下,美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策也隨之做出調(diào)整,側(cè)重以經(jīng)濟(jì)援助為誘餌安撫英國(guó)。英美關(guān)系也在政策調(diào)整中發(fā)生著變化。全文由緒論、正文、結(jié)論三部分組成,其中正文分三個(gè)章節(jié): 第一章以美國(guó)制定戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際金融計(jì)劃為線索,探討、分析美國(guó)為實(shí)現(xiàn)布雷頓森林協(xié)定的最終簽訂,對(duì)英國(guó)開展的經(jīng)濟(jì)外交。美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策以本國(guó)利益為中心,以經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力為后盾,竭力排擠英國(guó)勢(shì)力,從而達(dá)到其構(gòu)建世界金融霸權(quán)的目的。在美國(guó)對(duì)英經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的影響下,英國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的依賴加深,為之后美國(guó)利用經(jīng)濟(jì)外交手段執(zhí)英國(guó)之牛耳做了鋪墊。 第二章以二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束初期英美展開財(cái)政與貿(mào)易談判為中心,從背景、內(nèi)容及影響諸方面,分析這一階段美國(guó)對(duì)英經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。美國(guó)這一時(shí)期對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的目的是迫使英國(guó)接受其多邊自由貿(mào)易原則及政策。美國(guó)乘英國(guó)財(cái)政危機(jī)之時(shí)停止租借援助,英美財(cái)政協(xié)定成為英國(guó)能夠?qū)で蟮奈ㄒ怀雎?英國(guó)再度對(duì)美國(guó)妥協(xié)。然而美國(guó)提供的財(cái)政貸款并沒有對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生多少積極作用,相反,卻導(dǎo)致英國(guó)財(cái)政危機(jī)進(jìn)一步加深。 第三章以美蘇關(guān)系破裂、歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入困境為背景,通過對(duì)美國(guó)提出馬歇爾計(jì)劃的動(dòng)機(jī)、過程的研究,分析美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策策略的變化。此階段美國(guó)一改前期對(duì)英國(guó)采取的強(qiáng)硬經(jīng)濟(jì)外交政策,變以安撫利誘為主。利用馬歇爾計(jì)劃強(qiáng)化了英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)美國(guó)的依賴,為美國(guó)插手英國(guó)內(nèi)政與外交創(chuàng)造條件,也使英國(guó)逐漸變成了美國(guó)對(duì)抗蘇聯(lián)的工具。 結(jié)論部分對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。美國(guó)在這一時(shí)段的對(duì)英政策始終圍繞著服務(wù)于美國(guó)建立世界經(jīng)濟(jì)霸權(quán)的整體目標(biāo)展開。同時(shí),美國(guó)與英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益紛爭(zhēng)事實(shí)上反映了國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)格局變化的歷程。 本文在吸收前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過三起重大事件對(duì)從二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)時(shí)到戰(zhàn)后初期美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策進(jìn)行梳理,揭示美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的變化如何為其國(guó)家利益服務(wù),政策的實(shí)施又對(duì)英美關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了何種影響。
[Abstract]:The United States and Britain, both world powers, have undergone qualitative changes in their world economic status as a result of the outbreak of the second World War. The United States became the world's largest economic power, while Britain became a veritable second-rate country. The gap of economic power has brought about changes in international status, and the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has changed accordingly. The United States, which has super economic strength, wants to establish a new world economic order dominated by the United States in a sensitive period of great changes in the world pattern, which contradicts the traditional monetary and trade policies of the United Kingdom. The United States has been attacking Britain one after another at a time of recession and fiscal difficulties, using strong economic and diplomatic crowding to suppress British power. When the international situation changes, on the premise of based on the new order, the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has also been adjusted, focusing on the use of economic aid as bait to appease Britain. Anglo-American relations are also changing in policy adjustment. The full text is composed of introduction, main body and conclusion, in which the main body is divided into three chapters: the first chapter takes the postwar international financial plan of the United States as a clue, discusses and analyzes the economic diplomacy of the United States to Britain in order to realize the final signing of the Bretton Woods Agreement. The economic policy of the United States towards Britain is centered on its own interests and backed by economic strength, and strives to crowd out British forces so as to achieve its goal of building world financial hegemony. Under the influence of American economic policy towards Britain, Britain's dependence on the American economy has deepened, which paves the way for the United States to use economic diplomacy to hold Britain's ears. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal and trade negotiations between Britain and the United States at the end of World War II, and analyzes the American economic policy towards Britain in this stage from the aspects of background, content and influence. The purpose of American economic policy towards Britain during this period is to force Britain to accept its multilateral free trade principles and policies. The United States stopped loan aid at a time of British fiscal crisis, and the Anglo-American fiscal agreement became the only way out for Britain to find, and Britain once again compromised with the United States. However, the fiscal loans provided by the United States have not had much positive effect on the British economy. On the contrary, they have led to a further deepening of the British fiscal crisis. The third chapter, based on the breakdown of US-Soviet relations and the predicament of European economy, analyzes the changes of American economic policy strategy towards Britain through the study of the motivation and process of the United States to put forward the Marshall Plan. At this stage, the United States changed its tough economic foreign policy towards Britain in the early stage, to appease inducements. Using the Marshall Plan to strengthen the dependence of the British economy on the United States, to create conditions for the United States to intervene in British internal and foreign affairs, and to gradually turn Britain into a tool for the United States to confront the Soviet Union. The conclusion part summarizes the full text. During this period, the policy of the United States towards Britain has always revolved around the overall goal of serving the United States to establish world economic hegemony. At the same time, the dispute of economic interests between the United States and Britain actually reflects the course of changes in the international economic pattern. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper combs the American economic policy to Britain from the war of World War II to the early postwar through three major events, and reveals how the change of American economic policy serves its national interests and how the implementation of the policy has had an impact on the relationship between Britain and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：F114;K153

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