美國對英國經濟政策初探（1941-1951）
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-02 21:26
【摘要】：同為世界大國的美國和英國,因第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),二者的世界經濟地位發(fā)生了質的變化。美國成為世界第一經濟強國,而英國則淪為名副其實的二流國家。經濟實力的差距帶來了國際地位的變化,也使美國對英國的經濟政策發(fā)生了相應地轉變。擁有超強經濟實力的美國欲在世界格局發(fā)生重大變化的敏感時期建立以美國為主導的世界經濟新秩序,這與英國傳統(tǒng)的貨幣與貿易政策產生矛盾。美國在英國經濟衰退、財政遇到困難之際接連向英國發(fā)難,不斷利用強勢經濟外交排擠、打壓英國勢力。當國際局勢發(fā)生變化時,在立足新秩序的前提下,美國對英國的經濟政策也隨之做出調整,側重以經濟援助為誘餌安撫英國。英美關系也在政策調整中發(fā)生著變化。全文由緒論、正文、結論三部分組成,其中正文分三個章節(jié): 第一章以美國制定戰(zhàn)后國際金融計劃為線索,探討、分析美國為實現(xiàn)布雷頓森林協(xié)定的最終簽訂,對英國開展的經濟外交。美國對英國的經濟政策以本國利益為中心,以經濟實力為后盾,竭力排擠英國勢力,從而達到其構建世界金融霸權的目的。在美國對英經濟政策的影響下,英國對美國經濟的依賴加深,為之后美國利用經濟外交手段執(zhí)英國之牛耳做了鋪墊。 第二章以二戰(zhàn)結束初期英美展開財政與貿易談判為中心,從背景、內容及影響諸方面,分析這一階段美國對英經濟政策。美國這一時期對英國經濟政策的目的是迫使英國接受其多邊自由貿易原則及政策。美國乘英國財政危機之時停止租借援助,英美財政協(xié)定成為英國能夠尋求的唯一出路,英國再度對美國妥協(xié)。然而美國提供的財政貸款并沒有對英國經濟產生多少積極作用,相反,卻導致英國財政危機進一步加深。 第三章以美蘇關系破裂、歐洲經濟陷入困境為背景,通過對美國提出馬歇爾計劃的動機、過程的研究,分析美國對英國經濟政策策略的變化。此階段美國一改前期對英國采取的強硬經濟外交政策,變以安撫利誘為主。利用馬歇爾計劃強化了英國經濟對美國的依賴,為美國插手英國內政與外交創(chuàng)造條件,也使英國逐漸變成了美國對抗蘇聯(lián)的工具。 結論部分對全文進行了總結。美國在這一時段的對英政策始終圍繞著服務于美國建立世界經濟霸權的整體目標展開。同時,美國與英國的經濟利益紛爭事實上反映了國際經濟格局變化的歷程。 本文在吸收前人研究成果的基礎上,通過三起重大事件對從二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)時到戰(zhàn)后初期美國對英國經濟政策進行梳理,揭示美國經濟政策的變化如何為其國家利益服務,政策的實施又對英美關系產生了何種影響。
[Abstract]:The United States and Britain, both world powers, have undergone qualitative changes in their world economic status as a result of the outbreak of the second World War. The United States became the world's largest economic power, while Britain became a veritable second-rate country. The gap of economic power has brought about changes in international status, and the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has changed accordingly. The United States, which has super economic strength, wants to establish a new world economic order dominated by the United States in a sensitive period of great changes in the world pattern, which contradicts the traditional monetary and trade policies of the United Kingdom. The United States has been attacking Britain one after another at a time of recession and fiscal difficulties, using strong economic and diplomatic crowding to suppress British power. When the international situation changes, on the premise of based on the new order, the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has also been adjusted, focusing on the use of economic aid as bait to appease Britain. Anglo-American relations are also changing in policy adjustment. The full text is composed of introduction, main body and conclusion, in which the main body is divided into three chapters: the first chapter takes the postwar international financial plan of the United States as a clue, discusses and analyzes the economic diplomacy of the United States to Britain in order to realize the final signing of the Bretton Woods Agreement. The economic policy of the United States towards Britain is centered on its own interests and backed by economic strength, and strives to crowd out British forces so as to achieve its goal of building world financial hegemony. Under the influence of American economic policy towards Britain, Britain's dependence on the American economy has deepened, which paves the way for the United States to use economic diplomacy to hold Britain's ears. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal and trade negotiations between Britain and the United States at the end of World War II, and analyzes the American economic policy towards Britain in this stage from the aspects of background, content and influence. The purpose of American economic policy towards Britain during this period is to force Britain to accept its multilateral free trade principles and policies. The United States stopped loan aid at a time of British fiscal crisis, and the Anglo-American fiscal agreement became the only way out for Britain to find, and Britain once again compromised with the United States. However, the fiscal loans provided by the United States have not had much positive effect on the British economy. On the contrary, they have led to a further deepening of the British fiscal crisis. The third chapter, based on the breakdown of US-Soviet relations and the predicament of European economy, analyzes the changes of American economic policy strategy towards Britain through the study of the motivation and process of the United States to put forward the Marshall Plan. At this stage, the United States changed its tough economic foreign policy towards Britain in the early stage, to appease inducements. Using the Marshall Plan to strengthen the dependence of the British economy on the United States, to create conditions for the United States to intervene in British internal and foreign affairs, and to gradually turn Britain into a tool for the United States to confront the Soviet Union. The conclusion part summarizes the full text. During this period, the policy of the United States towards Britain has always revolved around the overall goal of serving the United States to establish world economic hegemony. At the same time, the dispute of economic interests between the United States and Britain actually reflects the course of changes in the international economic pattern. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper combs the American economic policy to Britain from the war of World War II to the early postwar through three major events, and reveals how the change of American economic policy serves its national interests and how the implementation of the policy has had an impact on the relationship between Britain and the United States.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F114;K153
本文編號：2509249
[Abstract]:The United States and Britain, both world powers, have undergone qualitative changes in their world economic status as a result of the outbreak of the second World War. The United States became the world's largest economic power, while Britain became a veritable second-rate country. The gap of economic power has brought about changes in international status, and the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has changed accordingly. The United States, which has super economic strength, wants to establish a new world economic order dominated by the United States in a sensitive period of great changes in the world pattern, which contradicts the traditional monetary and trade policies of the United Kingdom. The United States has been attacking Britain one after another at a time of recession and fiscal difficulties, using strong economic and diplomatic crowding to suppress British power. When the international situation changes, on the premise of based on the new order, the economic policy of the United States towards Britain has also been adjusted, focusing on the use of economic aid as bait to appease Britain. Anglo-American relations are also changing in policy adjustment. The full text is composed of introduction, main body and conclusion, in which the main body is divided into three chapters: the first chapter takes the postwar international financial plan of the United States as a clue, discusses and analyzes the economic diplomacy of the United States to Britain in order to realize the final signing of the Bretton Woods Agreement. The economic policy of the United States towards Britain is centered on its own interests and backed by economic strength, and strives to crowd out British forces so as to achieve its goal of building world financial hegemony. Under the influence of American economic policy towards Britain, Britain's dependence on the American economy has deepened, which paves the way for the United States to use economic diplomacy to hold Britain's ears. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal and trade negotiations between Britain and the United States at the end of World War II, and analyzes the American economic policy towards Britain in this stage from the aspects of background, content and influence. The purpose of American economic policy towards Britain during this period is to force Britain to accept its multilateral free trade principles and policies. The United States stopped loan aid at a time of British fiscal crisis, and the Anglo-American fiscal agreement became the only way out for Britain to find, and Britain once again compromised with the United States. However, the fiscal loans provided by the United States have not had much positive effect on the British economy. On the contrary, they have led to a further deepening of the British fiscal crisis. The third chapter, based on the breakdown of US-Soviet relations and the predicament of European economy, analyzes the changes of American economic policy strategy towards Britain through the study of the motivation and process of the United States to put forward the Marshall Plan. At this stage, the United States changed its tough economic foreign policy towards Britain in the early stage, to appease inducements. Using the Marshall Plan to strengthen the dependence of the British economy on the United States, to create conditions for the United States to intervene in British internal and foreign affairs, and to gradually turn Britain into a tool for the United States to confront the Soviet Union. The conclusion part summarizes the full text. During this period, the policy of the United States towards Britain has always revolved around the overall goal of serving the United States to establish world economic hegemony. At the same time, the dispute of economic interests between the United States and Britain actually reflects the course of changes in the international economic pattern. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper combs the American economic policy to Britain from the war of World War II to the early postwar through three major events, and reveals how the change of American economic policy serves its national interests and how the implementation of the policy has had an impact on the relationship between Britain and the United States.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F114;K153
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