雅典民主政治和羅馬元老院政治之比較
[Abstract]:In the study of world history, the study of Greece and Rome has been prosperous since ancient times. Especially after the Renaissance, whether it is the historical study itself, many aspects of Greek and Roman history, or the contact of Greek and Roman civilization, and so on, are very valuable topics in historical research. MosesFinley,1912-1986, a British scholar, is one of the most influential classical historians in the West in the 20th century. He has done a lot of research on the classical world. Especially, the study of classical politics mainly focuses on the democratic politics of Athens and the Republican politics of Rome, and also makes a comparative study of the two. From the beginning of the founding of Rome to Augustus, the Senate has been the power center of Roman national policy making, and played an important role as an authority in the history of ancient Rome, especially closely related to the Roman Republic. And the Senate itself existed at the same time as the Roman state, until the fall of Rome. Taking this as an opportunity and relying on historical materials, this paper focuses on the emergence, development, characteristics and influence of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate. In addition, by using the method of historical comparison, this paper tries to summarize their differences and analyze the reasons on the basis of the discussion. The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion, in which the main body is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research status and achievements of this issue in academic circles at home and abroad, and discusses the significance and research methods of this topic. The second part is the main body, mainly divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the background of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. First of all, it wrote about the Solon reform, which is closely related to the development and growth of Athenian democracy, Persitra's illegal master politics, the Christini reform and the Bethlehem Kerry reform. Secondly, it discusses the emergence and development of the Roman Senate from the imperial period, the Republican period and the imperial period, and finally analyzes the similarities and differences between the two. The second chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. First of all, it is written that the citizens' Congress in Athenian democratic politics, the mutual cooperation and restraint between the 500-member council and the jury court institutions have effectively maintained the political life of the Athenians. Secondly, it introduces the transformation of the political power, status and function of the Senate from the imperial period, the Republican period and the imperial period. Finally, on this basis, the similarities and differences between the two are analyzed. The third chapter mainly introduces the characteristics of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics. Among them, the characteristics of Athenian democratic politics are discussed from four aspects: direct democracy, people's sovereignty, the supremacy of law and rotation of power. The characteristics of Roman Senate politics are introduced from four aspects: aristocratic nature, hierarchy, responsibility system and direct voting system. Finally, the differences and reasons between the two are analyzed. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the contribution and limitation of Athenian democratic politics and Roman Senate politics respectively. The third part, the conclusion. It is mainly the summary of the full text, focusing on the core content of this paper and the regular understanding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:K12
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