蘇（俄）對新疆的政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-28 23:59
【摘要】： 蘇(俄)對新疆的政策給新疆的經濟、政治、文化以及社會生活產生了重要影響。一方面,蘇(俄)依靠其強大的軍事力量,推行大國沙文主義,為了本國的國家利益和區(qū)域利益,試圖把新疆變成蘇(俄)的勢力范圍,在新疆扶植一個親蘇的政權,直接或間接地插手新疆內政和外交,是一種強權政治的表現;另一方面,蘇(俄)對新疆政策的實施,特別是在20世紀30年代對新疆的援助和對中國抗戰(zhàn)的支持,客觀上促進了新疆當時社會經濟、政治和文化事業(yè)的進步,有利于新疆的現代化進程。 本文共分四個部分,第一部分首先對蘇聯建立前沙俄在新疆的政策和活動進行了簡要的歷史回顧,意在說明沙俄對新疆的關注有其歷史淵源,同時指出了沙俄在新疆的活動主要是侵略和掠奪。第二部分通過對二十世紀蘇聯成立后在新疆的政策和活動歷史脈絡的梳理,比較完整地再現了蘇聯在新疆一系列政策的實施與變化,有側重地闡述了楊增新、金樹仁、盛世才、張治中主政新疆時期蘇聯對新疆政策的演變,各個歷史時期主要涉及了軍事、經濟、政治、文化、貿易、外交、民族關系等方面。第三部分是在新疆和平解放以后,蘇聯在新疆和平解放過程中和初期,曾經建議中國共產黨盡早解決新疆問題,并促成了中國共產黨和三區(qū)方面及國民黨方面的和談,對推進新疆和平解放起了重大作用,有歷史進步意義。但在二十世紀六十年代,蘇聯在新疆扮演了不光彩的角色,它遺留到新疆的僑民,成為中蘇邊疆地區(qū)制造麻煩的一種潛在力量。中蘇兩黨關系惡化時,蘇聯以軍事力量相威脅,在邊疆陳兵百萬,并在新疆境內進行了滲透和顛覆活動,策動了暴亂事件。東歐劇變和蘇聯解體以后,新疆周邊環(huán)境比較復雜,中亞原蘇聯加盟共和國的相繼獨立,一方面蘇聯(俄羅斯)對新疆直接的侵略威脅減弱了,另一方面又大大刺激了新疆的民族分裂主義分子,妄圖在外力的支持下把新疆從中國分裂出去,給新疆的穩(wěn)定造成了不好的影響。第四部分是對全文的分析評價,縱觀蘇(俄)在新疆的政策可以看出:蘇(俄)調整對新疆的政策,是基于蘇(俄)國家利益和區(qū)域利益的考慮,基于在本地區(qū)與美、英、日博弈的考慮,妄圖把新疆置于本國的影響之下;同時,也警示我們要增加憂患意識,因為新疆的安全與穩(wěn)定是中國國家利益的主要體現。新疆未來的發(fā)展,應該以“西部大開發(fā)”為契機,正確處理跨境的復雜的民族和宗教關系;增強國防和經濟實力;大力開展與周邊國家的交流和合作;發(fā)揮“東引西連”的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,結合新疆的實際,又好又快的發(fā)展,實現“睦鄰、安鄰、富鄰”的戰(zhàn)略目標。
[Abstract]:Soviet (Russian) policy on Xinjiang has had an important impact on Xinjiang's economic, political, cultural and social life. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) relied on its strong military strength to promote chauvinism of the great powers and to try to turn Xinjiang into a sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Russia) for the sake of its own national and regional interests, and to foster a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang. It is a manifestation of power politics to interfere directly or indirectly in Xinjiang's internal and foreign affairs. On the other hand, the implementation of the Soviet (Russian) policy towards Xinjiang, especially its assistance to Xinjiang in the 1930s and its support for China's War of Resistance against Japan, objectively promoted the progress of social, economic, political, and cultural undertakings in Xinjiang at that time. It is beneficial to the modernization process of Xinjiang. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part first makes a brief historical review of the policies and activities of Russia in Xinjiang before the establishment of the Soviet Union, in order to show that Russia's attention to Xinjiang has its historical origin. At the same time, it is pointed out that the activities of Russia in Xinjiang are mainly aggression and plunder. The second part, by combing the historical context of the policies and activities of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang after the founding of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, completely reproduces the implementation and changes of a series of policies of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, with emphasis on Yang Zengxin, Jin Shuren and Sheng Shicai. The evolution of Soviet policy towards Xinjiang during the period of Zhang Zhizhong's rule of Xinjiang mainly involved military, economic, political, cultural, trade, foreign affairs, ethnic relations and so on. The third part is that after the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the Soviet Union, in the process and early stage of the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, suggested that the Communist Party of China solve the Xinjiang issue as soon as possible, and contributed to the peace talks between the Communist Party of China and the three districts, as well as the Kuomintang. It has played an important role in promoting the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang and is of historical significance. However, in the 1960s, the Soviet Union played a disgraceful role in Xinjiang, leaving it to the expatriates of Xinjiang and becoming a potential force to cause trouble in the border areas between China and the Soviet Union. When the relations between China and the Soviet Union became worse, the Soviet Union threatened with military forces, carried out infiltration and subversive activities in the frontier of Chen Bing, and carried out infiltration and subversive activities in Xinjiang, leading to the rioting. After the upheaval of Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the surrounding environment of Xinjiang was relatively complex, and the former Soviet republics in Central Asia became independent one after another. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) weakened its direct threat of aggression against Xinjiang. On the other hand, it has greatly stimulated the national separatists in Xinjiang, trying to split Xinjiang from China with the support of foreign forces, which has had a bad impact on the stability of Xinjiang. The fourth part is the analysis and evaluation of the full text. Looking at the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) in Xinjiang, we can see that the adjustment of the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) towards Xinjiang is based on the consideration of the national and regional interests of the Soviet Union (Russia), based on the region and the United States and the United Kingdom. Considering the Japanese game, we try to put Xinjiang under the influence of our own country. At the same time, it also warns us to increase our sense of suffering, because the security and stability of Xinjiang is the main embodiment of China's national interests. In the future development of Xinjiang, we should take the opportunity of "the great development of the western region" to correctly handle the complex ethnic and religious relations across the border, strengthen national defense and economic strength, and vigorously carry out exchanges and cooperation with neighboring countries. Give full play to the location advantages of "east-to-west company", combine the reality of Xinjiang, develop well and quickly, and realize the strategic goal of "good-neighborly, safe-neighborly and rich-neighborly".
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K512.5
本文編號：2487470
[Abstract]:Soviet (Russian) policy on Xinjiang has had an important impact on Xinjiang's economic, political, cultural and social life. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) relied on its strong military strength to promote chauvinism of the great powers and to try to turn Xinjiang into a sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Russia) for the sake of its own national and regional interests, and to foster a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang. It is a manifestation of power politics to interfere directly or indirectly in Xinjiang's internal and foreign affairs. On the other hand, the implementation of the Soviet (Russian) policy towards Xinjiang, especially its assistance to Xinjiang in the 1930s and its support for China's War of Resistance against Japan, objectively promoted the progress of social, economic, political, and cultural undertakings in Xinjiang at that time. It is beneficial to the modernization process of Xinjiang. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part first makes a brief historical review of the policies and activities of Russia in Xinjiang before the establishment of the Soviet Union, in order to show that Russia's attention to Xinjiang has its historical origin. At the same time, it is pointed out that the activities of Russia in Xinjiang are mainly aggression and plunder. The second part, by combing the historical context of the policies and activities of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang after the founding of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, completely reproduces the implementation and changes of a series of policies of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, with emphasis on Yang Zengxin, Jin Shuren and Sheng Shicai. The evolution of Soviet policy towards Xinjiang during the period of Zhang Zhizhong's rule of Xinjiang mainly involved military, economic, political, cultural, trade, foreign affairs, ethnic relations and so on. The third part is that after the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the Soviet Union, in the process and early stage of the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, suggested that the Communist Party of China solve the Xinjiang issue as soon as possible, and contributed to the peace talks between the Communist Party of China and the three districts, as well as the Kuomintang. It has played an important role in promoting the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang and is of historical significance. However, in the 1960s, the Soviet Union played a disgraceful role in Xinjiang, leaving it to the expatriates of Xinjiang and becoming a potential force to cause trouble in the border areas between China and the Soviet Union. When the relations between China and the Soviet Union became worse, the Soviet Union threatened with military forces, carried out infiltration and subversive activities in the frontier of Chen Bing, and carried out infiltration and subversive activities in Xinjiang, leading to the rioting. After the upheaval of Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the surrounding environment of Xinjiang was relatively complex, and the former Soviet republics in Central Asia became independent one after another. On the one hand, the Soviet Union (Russia) weakened its direct threat of aggression against Xinjiang. On the other hand, it has greatly stimulated the national separatists in Xinjiang, trying to split Xinjiang from China with the support of foreign forces, which has had a bad impact on the stability of Xinjiang. The fourth part is the analysis and evaluation of the full text. Looking at the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) in Xinjiang, we can see that the adjustment of the policy of the Soviet Union (Russia) towards Xinjiang is based on the consideration of the national and regional interests of the Soviet Union (Russia), based on the region and the United States and the United Kingdom. Considering the Japanese game, we try to put Xinjiang under the influence of our own country. At the same time, it also warns us to increase our sense of suffering, because the security and stability of Xinjiang is the main embodiment of China's national interests. In the future development of Xinjiang, we should take the opportunity of "the great development of the western region" to correctly handle the complex ethnic and religious relations across the border, strengthen national defense and economic strength, and vigorously carry out exchanges and cooperation with neighboring countries. Give full play to the location advantages of "east-to-west company", combine the reality of Xinjiang, develop well and quickly, and realize the strategic goal of "good-neighborly, safe-neighborly and rich-neighborly".
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K512.5
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 羅利新;蘇聯與新疆三區(qū)革命的關系[D];新疆師范大學;2009年
，本文編號：2487470
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