論14～16世紀(jì)英國港口大雅茅斯的興衰
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-20 06:10
【摘要】：本文的意義旨在通過大雅茅斯在14世紀(jì)——16世紀(jì)的興衰并聯(lián)系其主要腹地諾維奇,諾�？丝ひ约罢麄�東盎格利亞地區(qū)的區(qū)域發(fā)展來梳理其作為英格蘭傳統(tǒng)港口的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)并借此來透視整個英格蘭地區(qū)中世紀(jì)傳統(tǒng)港口城市的興衰。大雅茅斯的典型性為研究中世紀(jì)晚期傳統(tǒng)港口城市的危機提供了一個非常好的實例。 大雅茅斯作為東盎格利亞地區(qū)重要的貿(mào)易港口,并在中世紀(jì)一直作為英國最重要的漁業(yè)港口,在14世紀(jì)不可避免的衰落下去,其間雖然經(jīng)過了15世紀(jì)的短暫的復(fù)興,但是在16世紀(jì)由于自身原因以及外部的競爭,使得其支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)捕魚業(yè)徹底崩潰,最終徹底衰落。其發(fā)展的進程與東盎格利亞地區(qū)特別是諾維奇的發(fā)展緊密相關(guān),更與整個英格蘭的國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟形勢,國際形勢以及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重心轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)聯(lián),因此對雅茅斯中世紀(jì)晚期和近代早期發(fā)展軌跡的研究有助于把握這一階段英國城市轉(zhuǎn)型時期發(fā)展的主要趨勢,從而更好的認識英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型。同時,這種研究也有利于認識城市的地理座落與國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展變化的關(guān)系,從中找出一些規(guī)律性的東西,找準(zhǔn)城市自身的位置,并隨著內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的改變而進行多方面轉(zhuǎn)型,加快進一步發(fā)展。 第一章主要論述大雅茅斯在中世紀(jì)早期的繁榮以及在14世紀(jì)中期之后衰落的原因,特別是百年戰(zhàn)爭對其造成的影響。大雅茅斯在中世紀(jì)早期得到長久的發(fā)展源于其優(yōu)越的地理位置和得天獨厚的優(yōu)良漁場,但到14世紀(jì)早期,由于英法百年戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),黑死病,以及城市本身的原因大雅茅斯在這一時期開始衰落。 第二章主要考察在15世紀(jì)大雅茅斯對于城市衰落所作出的反應(yīng)。這一時期由于以諾維奇為首的東昂格利亞地區(qū)紡織業(yè)和手工業(yè)的持續(xù)繁榮,使得作為諾維奇外港的大雅茅斯在這一時期也有了相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)型。具體表現(xiàn)為同其腹地城市和鄉(xiāng)村的聯(lián)系增加,使得大雅茅斯更多的承擔(dān)諾�？说貐^(qū)鄉(xiāng)村工業(yè)區(qū)的外向交往職能。城市的經(jīng)濟得到短暫的恢復(fù)。 第三章主要論述16世紀(jì)大雅茅斯支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)崩潰并徹底衰落的原因。大雅茅斯由于自身基本沒有制造業(yè),所以其支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)依然是其立城之本的漁業(yè)和航運業(yè)。但是恰恰在16世紀(jì),整個英國的漁業(yè)都面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。大雅茅斯在這次歐洲漁業(yè)的革新中再次慘遭失敗,從此再無復(fù)興的希望。
[Abstract]:The significance of this paper is to connect with Norwich, the main hinterland of Grand Yarmouth, through the rise and fall of Grand Yarmouth in the 14th and 16th centuries. The regional development of Norfolk and the whole East Anglia region combs its development as a traditional port in England and uses it to see through the rise and fall of the traditional port cities in the Middle Ages in the whole England region. The typicality of Grand Yarmouth provides a very good example for the study of the crisis of traditional port cities in the late Middle Ages. As an important trading port in East Anglia, and as the most important fishing port in Britain in the Middle Ages, Grand Yarmouth inevitably declined in the 14th century, although it underwent a brief renaissance in the 15th century. However, in the 16th century, due to its own reasons and external competition, its pillar industry fishing industry completely collapsed, and finally completely declined. The process of its development is closely related to the development of the East Anglia region, especially Norwich, and is also related to the domestic economic situation of England as a whole, the international situation and the shift of the center of gravity of economic development. Therefore, the study of the development track of Yarmouth in the late Middle Ages and early modern times is helpful to grasp the main trend of the development of British cities in this stage, so as to better understand the development and transformation of British economy. At the same time, this kind of research is also helpful to understand the relationship between the geographical location of the city and the development and change of the national economy, find out some regular things, find out the position of the city itself, and carry on the transformation in many aspects with the change of the internal and external economic environment. We will speed up further development. The first chapter mainly discusses the prosperity of Grand Yarmouth in the early Middle Ages and the reasons for its decline after the middle of the 14th century, especially the influence of the century war on it. Great Yarmouth developed for a long time in the early Middle Ages because of its superior geographical position and unique fine fishing grounds, but in the early 14th century, due to the outbreak of the hundred years War between Britain and France, the Black death. And the reasons for the city itself, Grand Yarmouth began to decline during this period. The second chapter mainly examines the reaction of Grand Yarmouth to the decline of the city in the 15 th century. During this period, due to the continuous prosperity of textile and handicrafts in East Anglia, led by Norwich, Grand Yarmouth, as a port outside Norwich, also had a corresponding transformation in this period. It is manifested in the increase of the relationship with the hinterland cities and villages, which makes Grand Yarmouth more undertake the extroverted communication function of the rural industrial zone in Norfolk area. The city's economy has recovered briefly. The third chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the collapse and complete decline of Grand Yarmouth pillar industry in the 16 th century. Because there is little manufacturing in Grand Yarmouth, its pillar industry is still the fishing and shipping industry in which it founded the city. But it was precisely in the 16 th century that the entire British fishing industry faced great challenges. Great Yarmouth was once again defeated in the European fisheries innovation and has no hope of renaissance ever since.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K561.3
本文編號：2481422
[Abstract]:The significance of this paper is to connect with Norwich, the main hinterland of Grand Yarmouth, through the rise and fall of Grand Yarmouth in the 14th and 16th centuries. The regional development of Norfolk and the whole East Anglia region combs its development as a traditional port in England and uses it to see through the rise and fall of the traditional port cities in the Middle Ages in the whole England region. The typicality of Grand Yarmouth provides a very good example for the study of the crisis of traditional port cities in the late Middle Ages. As an important trading port in East Anglia, and as the most important fishing port in Britain in the Middle Ages, Grand Yarmouth inevitably declined in the 14th century, although it underwent a brief renaissance in the 15th century. However, in the 16th century, due to its own reasons and external competition, its pillar industry fishing industry completely collapsed, and finally completely declined. The process of its development is closely related to the development of the East Anglia region, especially Norwich, and is also related to the domestic economic situation of England as a whole, the international situation and the shift of the center of gravity of economic development. Therefore, the study of the development track of Yarmouth in the late Middle Ages and early modern times is helpful to grasp the main trend of the development of British cities in this stage, so as to better understand the development and transformation of British economy. At the same time, this kind of research is also helpful to understand the relationship between the geographical location of the city and the development and change of the national economy, find out some regular things, find out the position of the city itself, and carry on the transformation in many aspects with the change of the internal and external economic environment. We will speed up further development. The first chapter mainly discusses the prosperity of Grand Yarmouth in the early Middle Ages and the reasons for its decline after the middle of the 14th century, especially the influence of the century war on it. Great Yarmouth developed for a long time in the early Middle Ages because of its superior geographical position and unique fine fishing grounds, but in the early 14th century, due to the outbreak of the hundred years War between Britain and France, the Black death. And the reasons for the city itself, Grand Yarmouth began to decline during this period. The second chapter mainly examines the reaction of Grand Yarmouth to the decline of the city in the 15 th century. During this period, due to the continuous prosperity of textile and handicrafts in East Anglia, led by Norwich, Grand Yarmouth, as a port outside Norwich, also had a corresponding transformation in this period. It is manifested in the increase of the relationship with the hinterland cities and villages, which makes Grand Yarmouth more undertake the extroverted communication function of the rural industrial zone in Norfolk area. The city's economy has recovered briefly. The third chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the collapse and complete decline of Grand Yarmouth pillar industry in the 16 th century. Because there is little manufacturing in Grand Yarmouth, its pillar industry is still the fishing and shipping industry in which it founded the city. But it was precisely in the 16 th century that the entire British fishing industry faced great challenges. Great Yarmouth was once again defeated in the European fisheries innovation and has no hope of renaissance ever since.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K561.3
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 謝豐齋;12—14世紀(jì)英國小城鎮(zhèn)興起初探[J];世界歷史;2002年04期
2 徐浩;;中世紀(jì)英國城市化水平研究[J];史學(xué)理論研究;2006年04期
，本文編號：2481422
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