【摘要】： 近代以來的土耳其民族正如近代以來的中華民族充滿了艱辛和苦難。由于獨(dú)特的戰(zhàn)略地理位置,土耳其經(jīng)常處于各大國的分割和包圍之中。一戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)敗之后,土耳其遭到了野蠻的占領(lǐng)和瓜分。面對國家和民族的生死存亡,土耳其人民在偉大領(lǐng)袖凱末爾的帶領(lǐng)下毅然掀起了反對列強(qiáng)瓜分、實(shí)現(xiàn)國家獨(dú)立的民族解放運(yùn)動。在戰(zhàn)爭期間,為了更好的配合軍事勝利,土耳其新政府展開了積極務(wù)實(shí)的外交活動。通過這些活動,一方面對土耳其共和國的建立產(chǎn)生了重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義;另一方面在民族戰(zhàn)爭中建立起來的外交思想和原則為以后土耳其外交政策制定和實(shí)施奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。本文試圖通過對土耳其民族獨(dú)立解放運(yùn)動中外交活動的歷史考察發(fā)現(xiàn)和揭示土耳其外交思想和基本原則形成的歷史背景和現(xiàn)實(shí)因素。通過對共和國建立之后到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之間土耳其外交政策的制定和外交活動的考察來印證民族戰(zhàn)爭中形成的外交思想和原則是怎樣成功的保證了土耳其民族在面對險惡環(huán)境下國家主權(quán)的完整和民族的獨(dú)立和發(fā)展。希冀從中能揭示外交政策制定和活動開展的普遍規(guī)律和現(xiàn)實(shí)考慮,以此來為我國的外交政策和外交活動提供一些可以借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。希望可以為我們更好的營造改革開放和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的穩(wěn)定的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境和更快地實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的“和平崛起”提供一些歷史參考和現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)。 為此,本文將主要從以下八個方面來展開論述。首先,我們將介紹土耳其特別的戰(zhàn)略地理位置以及由此所引起的土耳其國家外交戰(zhàn)略的形成。并對土耳其在一戰(zhàn)后遭受列強(qiáng)瓜分的歷史進(jìn)行考察,以此來揭示土耳其民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動興起的歷史背景。其次,對土耳其民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動中外交活動的開展進(jìn)行論述,總結(jié)出土耳其外交的主要思想和基本原則。第三,我們將對土耳其建國后初期的外交政策進(jìn)行考察。為了恢復(fù)和發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、鞏固新生政權(quán),土耳其外交這一時期主要是為求得和平穩(wěn)定的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境而服務(wù)。第四,隨著1929-1933年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的到來以及德意法西斯的迅速崛起,土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)政治環(huán)境面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn),土耳其外交的重心開始發(fā)生較為明顯的變化。從積極爭取經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的外部環(huán)境到為防止德意的侵略、維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和民族的獨(dú)立而積極與諸大國結(jié)盟以及組建地區(qū)性的防御聯(lián)盟,這一時期國家主權(quán)完整的需要超過了經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的需要。第五,對土耳其在三十年代的外交活動展開論述,集中展現(xiàn)土耳其外交為實(shí)現(xiàn)國家主權(quán)的完整和民族獨(dú)立所開展的具體活動,并對在這一階段所形成的武裝中立的外交政策進(jìn)行考察。第六,土耳其正是由于執(zhí)行了正確的外交政策,從而得以在慘烈的二戰(zhàn)中保證了民族的獨(dú)立和國家主權(quán)的完整,并順利加入聯(lián)合國成為戰(zhàn)后中近東地區(qū)一支重要的國家力量。最后,我們對土耳其在這個時間跨度內(nèi)的外交政策和實(shí)踐活動進(jìn)行分析,得出土耳其外交主要思想和基本原則的主要特點(diǎn),并結(jié)合我國的外交實(shí)際,提出我國在今后的外交實(shí)踐中可以借鑒的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:The Turkish people since the modern times have been full of hardship and suffering, as the Chinese nation has since modern times. As a result of its unique strategic geographical location, Turkey is often in the divide and siege of the great powers. After the defeat of World War I, Turkey was subjected to a barbaric occupation and a split. In the face of the life and death of the nation and the nation, the Turkish people, under the leadership of the great leader of the Great Leader, set off a national liberation movement against the powers of the great powers to realize the independence of the nation. During the war, in order to better match the military victory, the new Government of Turkey has launched a positive and pragmatic diplomatic activity. Through these activities, on the one hand, the establishment of the Republic of Turkey is of great practical significance; on the other hand, the diplomatic thoughts and principles established in the national war have laid a solid foundation for the formulation and implementation of the foreign policy of the future. This paper attempts to find and reveal the historical background and the real factors of the formation of the diplomatic thought and the basic principles of the Turkish national liberation movement through the historical investigation of the diplomatic activities in the liberation movement of the Turkish national liberation movement. After the establishment of the Republic and the investigation of the diplomatic activity of the Turkish foreign policy between the Second World War and the Second World War, it is proved that the diplomatic thoughts and principles formed in the national war have succeeded in guaranteeing the complete and national independence of the national sovereignty of the Turkish people in the face of the dangerous and evil environment. Vertical and development. In this way, we can reveal the general rules and practical considerations of foreign policy development and activities, so as to provide some useful experience and lessons for our foreign policy and diplomatic activities. We hope that we can provide some historical reference and practical guidance for us to better create a stable international domestic environment for reform and opening-up and economic construction and to realize the "the rise of peace" of the Chinese nation more quickly. For this purpose, this article will be developed primarily from the following eight aspects First of all, we will present Turkey's special strategic location and the Turkish national diplomatic strategy The history of the country's independence movement was revealed by the study of the history of the country's invasion of the country after the war. Secondly, the paper discusses the development of the diplomatic activities in the independent movement of the Turkish nationality, and summarizes the main ideas and the basic principles of the Turkish diplomacy. III. Third, we will carry out the foreign policy in the early days of the founding of the Republic of Turkey In ord to restore and develop that national economy and to consolidate the new regime, Turkey's diplomacy is mainly a peaceful and stable international domestic environment. Fourth, with the coming of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 and the rapid rise of the German-Italian fascists, the economic and political environment of Turkey is facing a great challenge, and the center of gravity of Turkey's diplomacy is becoming more obvious Change. From the external environment of the positive economic development to the purpose of preventing German aggression, safeguarding state sovereignty and the independence of the nation, and actively allied with the great powers and forming a regional defence alliance, the complete need of the state sovereignty over the period exceeds the economic construction The fifth, a discussion of Turkey's diplomatic activities in the 1930s, focused on the specific activities of Turkish diplomacy to achieve the complete and national independence of State sovereignty, as well as on the armed and neutral foreign policy formed at this stage In the sixth place, Turkey has been able to guarantee the integrity of the independence of the nation and the sovereignty of the State, and to join the United Nations to become an important country in the near-eastern part of the post-war In the end, we analyze the foreign policy and the practical activities of Turkey in this time span, and draw the main features of the main ideas and the basic principles of the Turkish foreign policy, and combine the foreign policy of our country In fact, it is the historical experience that our country can use for reference in the future diplomatic practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K374

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