【摘要】： 16世紀(jì)的英國(guó)正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域正醞釀著新時(shí)代的變革。在統(tǒng)治者支持的情況下不斷拓展海外勢(shì)力,通過強(qiáng)大的商業(yè)實(shí)力向其周圍的海域進(jìn)行未知的探索和經(jīng)濟(jì)滲透。在經(jīng)過一系列的探險(xiǎn)之后建立了很多以英國(guó)商人和貴族為主的據(jù)點(diǎn),莫斯科公司成為這一行為的成果和開始。1553年,莫斯科公司(又稱俄羅斯公司)成立,并從英國(guó)國(guó)王那里取得特許狀,開始發(fā)展對(duì)俄貿(mào)易,開辟了新的商品需求市場(chǎng),英俄兩國(guó)各取所需。莫斯科公司從英王那里獲取了商路和俄國(guó)市場(chǎng)的壟斷特權(quán),以及部分商品的專賣特權(quán),同時(shí)又擁有作為公司法人的獨(dú)立自主權(quán)。因此公司的未來發(fā)展并不是單單建立在特權(quán)基礎(chǔ)之上的,特權(quán)只在一定程度上保障了公司的利益。相對(duì)而言,俄國(guó)沙皇賦予公司的特權(quán)更為有利。公司在俄國(guó)擁有海關(guān)關(guān)稅的豁免權(quán)和各地賦稅免征權(quán),使得公司在俄國(guó)商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中具有超然地位。公司的制度方面占有很重要的地位。從莫斯科公司的規(guī)章制度和組織管理模式來說,它無疑是一家股份公司。公司的成員都必須以資金或設(shè)備的形式入股成為股東,每到特定的時(shí)間公司通過召開股東大會(huì)進(jìn)行分紅并制定公司發(fā)展計(jì)劃,同時(shí)設(shè)立常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)總理事會(huì)處理日常事務(wù),各股東或本人或委托代理人參加、選舉、出席會(huì)議。盡管許多制度并不完備,但是莫斯科公司作為股份公司的嘗試仍然是成功的。此后英國(guó)商人在各地區(qū)建立了諸多類似莫斯科公司的海外貿(mào)易公司,這些公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理模式是在莫斯科公司的基礎(chǔ)之上發(fā)展建立的。莫斯科公司為保持在俄國(guó)的特權(quán),還充當(dāng)了俄國(guó)政府外交大使保護(hù)人的角色。反之為了繼續(xù)享有特權(quán),公司也充當(dāng)了英國(guó)政府的信使。
[Abstract]:Britain is in a period of social transformation in the 16th century, and a new era is brewing in the economic field. With the support of the rulers, the overseas forces continue to expand, through strong commercial power to its surrounding waters for unknown exploration and economic penetration. After a series of expeditions, many strongholds of British businessmen and aristocrats were established, and the Moscow Company became the fruit and the beginning of the act. In 1553, the Moscow Company (also known as the Russian Company) was founded. And obtained a charter from the British King, began to develop trade with Russia, opened up a new commodity demand market, Britain and Russia each need. The Moscow company obtained monopoly privileges from the British king in the commercial and Russian markets, as well as monopoly privileges on some commodities, while at the same time having independent autonomy as a corporate legal person. Therefore, the future development of the company is not only based on privileges, privileges only to a certain extent to protect the interests of the company. In contrast, the Russian tsar gave the company more favourable privileges. The company's exemption from customs duties and local tax exemptions in Russia gave it an exceptional position in Russian commerce. The system of the company occupies a very important position. From the Moscow company's regulations and organizational management model, it is undoubtedly a joint-stock company. The members of the company must become shareholders in the form of funds or equipment, and at any given time the company pays dividends and plans for the development of the company through the holding of a general meeting of shareholders, and at the same time establishes a general council of permanent institutions to deal with day-to-day affairs. Each shareholder or I or entrustment agent attends, elects, attends the meeting. Although many systems are incomplete, Moscow's attempts as a joint-stock company are still successful. Since then, British businessmen have set up a number of overseas trading companies similar to Moscow companies in various regions, whose management models have been developed on the basis of Moscow companies. Moscow also served as the protector of the Russian government's diplomatic ambassador to preserve its privileges in Russia. Instead, the company served as a messenger to the British government in order to continue to enjoy privileges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K561.33

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 何順果;;特許公司——西方推行“重商政策”的急先鋒[J];世界歷史;2007年01期

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