【摘要】：錫克人是印度的一個(gè)少數(shù)族群,他們擁有自己的宗教,也曾經(jīng)在旁遮普地區(qū)建立過(guò)自己的王國(guó)。十九世紀(jì)中期錫克人被英國(guó)人征服,二十世紀(jì)初他們開(kāi)始走上抵抗英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治的道路。印度獨(dú)立后,由于中央政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化上長(zhǎng)期沒(méi)有處理好與錫克人的關(guān)系,因此,錫克人的對(duì)立情緒逐步產(chǎn)生,最終演變?yōu)殄a克人分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章分為以下四個(gè)部分。第一部分析了印度錫克人分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的歷史背景,論述了英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治者對(duì)錫克人在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、軍事、文化等各方面的統(tǒng)治政策。在漫長(zhǎng)的殖民統(tǒng)治過(guò)程中,錫克人與英國(guó)殖民者的矛盾日益顯現(xiàn),因此對(duì)立情緒逐步滋生,最終走上了反英道路的歷程。正是在長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的反英斗爭(zhēng)中,錫克人開(kāi)始覺(jué)醒。第二部分是分析錫克人分離主義的產(chǎn)生及其原因。印度獨(dú)立前夕,錫克人提出單獨(dú)建立卡利斯坦國(guó)的要求,但未能獲得成功。印度獨(dú)立后,他們爭(zhēng)取建立旁遮普語(yǔ)言邦,并要求錫克人進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大自治權(quán),錫克人分離運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生。由于印度政府難以滿足其要求,錫克人走上了對(duì)抗中央政府的道路。第三部分是錫克人分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展及影響因素分析。20世紀(jì)80年代,錫克人分離運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,他們?cè)噲D分離旁遮普邦,并向印度中央發(fā)起不合作運(yùn)動(dòng),導(dǎo)致中央與地方的矛盾更加突出。這一時(shí)期,錫克人極端勢(shì)力的興起,印度政府政策的失誤以及阿卡利黨內(nèi)外極端勢(shì)力進(jìn)一步聯(lián)合等因素導(dǎo)致了印度錫克人分離運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)90年代初期后,錫克人分離運(yùn)動(dòng)逐漸走向衰落。第四部分主要是論述印度錫克人分裂主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。印度錫克人分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)旁遮普的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)都產(chǎn)生了影響。錫克人分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)加劇了旁遮普的動(dòng)蕩局面,激化了旁遮普與中央政府的矛盾,惡化了當(dāng)?shù)赜《冉掏脚c錫克教徒的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Sikhs are a minority group in India who have their own religion and once established their own kingdom in Punjab. The Sikhs were conquered by the British in the mid-nineteenth century and began to resist British colonial rule in the early twentieth century. After the independence of India, because the central government failed to deal with the relations with Sikhs in economy, politics and culture for a long time, the antagonism of Sikhs gradually emerged and eventually evolved into a Sikh separatist movement. The article is divided into the following four parts. The first part analyzes the historical background of the Sikh separatist movement in India and discusses the policies of the British colonial rulers over the Sikhs in economic, political, military, cultural and other aspects. During the long period of colonial rule, the contradiction between the Sikhs and the British colonists appeared day by day, so the antagonism grew gradually, and finally embarked on the course of anti-British. It was during the long anti-British struggle that the Sikhs began to awaken. The second part is the analysis of Sikh separatism and its causes. On the eve of India's independence, Sikhs demanded a separate state of Kallistan, but failed. After India's independence, they fought for the Punjab language state, and demanded that the Sikhs further expand their autonomy, and the Sikh secession movement came into being. With the Indian government struggling to meet its demands, Sikhs set out against the central government. The third part is the development of Sikh separatist movement and the analysis of its influencing factors. In the 1980s, the Sikh separatist movement developed further, and they tried to separate Punjab and launched a non-cooperative movement against the central Indian state. Leading to the central and local contradictions more prominent. During this period, the rise of Sikh extremist forces, the mistakes of the Indian government's policies, and the further integration of extremist forces inside and outside the Akali Party led to the further development of the Sikh separatist movement in India. After the early 1990s, The Sikh separation movement gradually declined. The fourth part mainly discusses the influence of Sikh separatist movement in India. The Sikh separatist movement in India had an impact on Punjab's politics, economy and society. The Sikh separatist movement exacerbated the turmoil in Punjab, intensified the conflict between Punjab and the central government, and worsened the relationship between local Hindus and Sikhs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K351.5

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