【摘要】： 本文以勃列日涅夫時期(1964-1982年)蘇聯(lián)和埃及兩國關系為研究對象，運用了國際關系理論中的國家利益論等基本理論，在國際環(huán)境的大背景下，對蘇聯(lián)和埃及的政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事關系進行了論述、考察和分析。 縱觀蘇聯(lián)在勃列日涅夫時期同埃及政治、軍事關系從緊密到破裂的過程，可以把蘇埃關系分成三個時期：勃列日涅夫執(zhí)政到納賽爾逝世的全面發(fā)展時期(1964-1970)；薩達特執(zhí)政到“十月戰(zhàn)爭”的轉折時期(1970-1973)；“十月戰(zhàn)爭”后到勃列日涅夫逝世的衰退和破裂時期(1973-1982)。 勃列日涅夫在蘇聯(lián)執(zhí)政以后，在一段時期內(nèi)繼承了赫魯曉夫的對埃政策。這時美國停止對埃及的援助，蘇聯(lián)借此機會提出新的對埃政策，開始加大對埃及的援助和滲透。隨著蘇聯(lián)在埃及的滲透，，它的軍事力量也終于進入到埃及，逐漸控制住了埃及，并企圖進一步擴大在中東的勢力�！傲鍛�(zhàn)爭”發(fā)生后，納賽爾開始對蘇聯(lián)失望，蘇埃之間出現(xiàn)了許多分歧。 70年代，勃列日涅夫在全球緩和的口號下，依托蘇聯(lián)強大的經(jīng)濟、軍事實力開始謀求世界霸權，企圖進一步在埃及獲取更多利益。薩達特執(zhí)政以后，蘇聯(lián)的中東戰(zhàn)略及對埃政策已經(jīng)不符合埃及的利益。埃及為了擺脫蘇聯(lián)控制驅(qū)逐了蘇聯(lián)軍事專家�！笆聭�(zhàn)爭”中埃及失利，埃及對蘇聯(lián)在戰(zhàn)爭中的援助很不滿意，兩國互相指責，蘇埃關系跌到了一個低谷，蘇埃關系開始走向衰落。 “十月戰(zhàn)爭”以后，美國重新強勢介入埃以沖突，埃及在獲得美國的支持后，謀求和以色列的媾和，逐漸放棄了蘇聯(lián)。蘇聯(lián)一方面繼續(xù)努力在埃及保持軍事基地，另一方面轉而謀求和敘利亞、伊拉克等國的合作。埃以媾和后，蘇埃共同戰(zhàn)略利益消失，1976年埃及正式廢除《蘇埃友好合作條約》，兩國關系徹底破裂。蘇聯(lián)軍事力量隨即撤出埃及。 縱覽整個蘇埃關系，蘇聯(lián)和埃及在戰(zhàn)略訴求上存在巨大差異，所以兩國的合作無法持續(xù)。但是蘇埃關系對蘇聯(lián)的政治、軍事意義重大，同時埃及也從蘇埃關系中得到了更多的政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟利益。蘇埃關系的發(fā)展過程在客觀上促進了中東和平進程的發(fā)展。所以蘇埃關系在歷史上具有重大意義。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the relations between the Soviet Union and Egypt in Brezhnev's period (1964-1982) as the object of study, applies the basic theory of national interests in the theory of international relations, and under the background of the international environment, the political and economic situation of the Soviet Union and Egypt. Military relations are discussed, investigated and analyzed. Throughout the Soviet Union's political and military relations with Egypt in Brezhnev's time, the military relations can be divided into three periods: the period of Brezhnev's ruling and the all-round development of Nasser's death (1964-1970); Sadat came to the turn of the October War (1970-1973); after the October War to the recession and rupture of Brezhnev's death (1973-1982). Brezhnev inherited Khrushchev's policy towards Egypt for a period after the Soviet Union. At this time, the United States stopped aid to Egypt, the Soviet Union took this opportunity to put forward a new policy towards Egypt, began to increase aid and infiltration to Egypt. With the infiltration of the Soviet Union in Egypt, its military force finally entered Egypt, gradually controlled Egypt, and attempted to further expand its power in the Middle East. After the six-five-year War, Nasser began to be disappointed with the Soviet Union, and there were many differences between Sudan and Egypt. In the 1970s, Brezhnev under the slogan of global detente, relying on the Soviet Union's strong economy, military strength began to seek world hegemony, in an attempt to further gain more interests in Egypt. After Sadat came into power, the Soviet Union's Middle East strategy and its policy towards Egypt were no longer in Egypt's interests. Egypt expelled Soviet military experts in order to get rid of Soviet control. Egypt was not satisfied with the Soviet Union's assistance in the October War. The two countries blamed each other. Soviet-Egypt relations fell to a low point, and Soviet-Egyptian relations began to decline. After the October War, the United States again strongly intervened in the conflict between Egypt and Israel. After obtaining the support of the United States, Egypt sought to make peace with Israel and gradually abandoned the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union continued its efforts to maintain military bases in Egypt and, on the other hand, sought cooperation with Syria, Iraq and other countries. After the peace between Egypt and Israel, the common strategic interests of Sudan and Egypt disappeared. In 1976, Egypt formally abolished the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Sudan and Egypt, and the relations between the two countries completely broke down. Soviet forces immediately withdrew from Egypt. Throughout Soviet-Egyptian relations, the Soviet Union and Egypt have great differences in their strategic aspirations, so cooperation between the two countries cannot be sustained. But Soviet-Egyptian relations are of great political and military significance to the Soviet Union, and Egypt has gained more political, military and economic benefits from Soviet-Egyptian relations. The development process of Soviet-Egypt relations objectively promoted the development of the Middle East peace process. So Su-Egypt relationship is of great significance in history.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K153

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 游玉霞;蘇聯(lián)的中東政策研究（1964-1982年）[D];黑龍江大學;2013年

本文編號：2412447