朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭與越南戰(zhàn)爭的比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-20 17:22
【摘要】： 整個(gè)冷戰(zhàn)過程中,并非僅僅存在著美蘇之間的“冷”,同時(shí)也存在著諸多的“熱”,其中以朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭與越南戰(zhàn)爭為最,兩者作為發(fā)生在冷戰(zhàn)格局下的著名熱戰(zhàn)而彪炳史冊(cè)。本文將以兩次戰(zhàn)爭的異同比較為主線,以美、蘇、中三國間的關(guān)系變化為切入點(diǎn)對(duì)論題展開具體論述。 首先,兩次戰(zhàn)爭都是冷戰(zhàn)格局下的熱戰(zhàn),都對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)格局產(chǎn)生一定沖擊,最終都沒有改變冷戰(zhàn)的基本格局。但美蘇在兩次戰(zhàn)爭中的攻守態(tài)勢不盡相同,朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,美國處于對(duì)蘇主動(dòng)進(jìn)攻的有利地位,表現(xiàn)為積極介入朝鮮內(nèi)戰(zhàn),并把戰(zhàn)爭擴(kuò)大為局部戰(zhàn)爭;蘇聯(lián)由于種種原因處于防守狀態(tài),具體表現(xiàn)為對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭的不介入態(tài)度,并以中國出兵為盾牌,成功保住自己的勢力范圍。越戰(zhàn)期間,美蘇間的攻守開始發(fā)生變化,越戰(zhàn)前期,美國雖然仍處于進(jìn)攻方,蘇聯(lián)處于防守方,但該時(shí)期,美蘇間實(shí)力對(duì)比已發(fā)生著量變,最終到越戰(zhàn)后期,這種量變的積聚導(dǎo)致質(zhì)變,長期美攻蘇守的局面為蘇攻美守所取代。 其次,中蘇兩國都對(duì)朝鮮、越南人民的抗美斗爭進(jìn)行堅(jiān)決的支持,但兩次戰(zhàn)爭中中蘇間的國家關(guān)系發(fā)生劇變。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭期間兩國結(jié)為同盟,并在對(duì)朝援助中進(jìn)行親密合作。中國參戰(zhàn)前,兩國為應(yīng)對(duì)朝鮮危機(jī)進(jìn)行秘密協(xié)商,最終達(dá)成“中國出人,蘇聯(lián)提供裝備”的默契;戰(zhàn)中,蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)一步落實(shí)對(duì)華武器裝備方面的承諾;停戰(zhàn)談判期間,蘇聯(lián)積極奔走交戰(zhàn)各方,為中美間停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定的達(dá)成提供便利。越戰(zhàn)期間,中蘇間默契的國家關(guān)系為中蘇交惡取代,兩國對(duì)越援助增加了爭取越南對(duì)抗對(duì)方的色彩,最終,蘇聯(lián)取得在越南的優(yōu)勢地位,中越關(guān)系隨之惡化。 再次,中美兩國在兩次戰(zhàn)爭期間均處于對(duì)抗的關(guān)系中,但兩次對(duì)抗的方式不同,具體表現(xiàn)為朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭中的直接對(duì)抗和越南戰(zhàn)爭中的間接對(duì)抗。同時(shí)戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)局對(duì)中美關(guān)系的影響亦不相同,朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭后,中美間存在的緩和可能被炮火徹底擊碎,兩國走上長期對(duì)抗的道路;越戰(zhàn)后期開始,在北方統(tǒng)一南方的必然趨勢下,中美兩國開始透過意識(shí)形態(tài)的鐵幕尋求緩和,兩國關(guān)系逐步解凍,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正�；� 最后,兩次戰(zhàn)爭都對(duì)美國霸權(quán)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響,成為美國在20世紀(jì)60年代末70年代初衰落的重要因素。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭是美國霸權(quán)地位衰落的開始,越戰(zhàn)則成為美國霸權(quán)地位衰落的轉(zhuǎn)折。
[Abstract]:In the whole process of the cold war, there is not only the "cold" between the United States and Soviet Union, but also a lot of "hot", in which the Korean War and the Vietnam War are the most famous hot wars that took place under the cold war pattern. In this paper, the similarities and differences between the two wars as the main line, the relationship between the United States, Soviet Union, China and China as the starting point to discuss the topic. First of all, both wars are hot wars under the cold war pattern, both have a certain impact on the cold war pattern, and neither of them has changed the basic pattern of the cold war. During the Korean War, the United States was in a favorable position of taking the initiative to attack the Soviet Union, which was manifested by its active involvement in the Korean Civil War and the expansion of the war into a local war. The Soviet Union was in a defensive state for various reasons, manifested in its attitude of not intervening in the war, and used China as a shield to successfully protect its sphere of influence. During the Vietnam War, the attack and defense between the United States and the Soviet Union began to change. In the early part of the Vietnam War, although the United States was still on the offensive side and the Soviet Union was on the defensive side, the strength ratio between the United States and the Soviet Union had changed in quantity during that period, and eventually reached the late stage of the Vietnam War. The accumulation of this quantitative change led to qualitative change, and the long-term situation of the United States attacking and defending the Soviet Union was replaced by the Soviet attack on the United States. Second, both China and the Soviet Union strongly supported the struggle against the United States between the people of North Korea and Vietnam, but the relations between the Soviet Union and China changed dramatically during the two wars. During the Korean War, the two countries formed an alliance and cooperated closely in aid to the DPRK. Before China entered the war, the two countries held secret consultations to deal with the Korean crisis, and finally reached a tacit understanding that "China will send people and the Soviet Union will provide equipment." during the war, the Soviet Union further implemented its commitment to China in terms of weapons and equipment. During the armistice negotiations, the Soviet Union actively rushed the warring parties to facilitate the conclusion of the armistice agreement between China and the United States. During the Vietnam War, the tacit relations between China and the Soviet Union were replaced by the evil relations between China and the Soviet Union, and the two countries' aid to Vietnam increased the color of fighting for Vietnam against the other. Finally, the Soviet Union gained its dominant position in Vietnam, and the Sino-Vietnamese relations deteriorated. Thirdly, both China and the United States are in the antagonistic relationship during the two wars, but the two confrontations are different in the form of direct confrontation in the Korean War and indirect confrontation in the Vietnam War. At the same time, the impact of the outcome of the war on Sino-US relations is also different. After the Korean War, the detente between China and the United States may have been completely shattered by artillery fire, and the two countries have embarked on the road of long-term confrontation. Since the late Vietnam War, under the inevitable trend of the unification of the north and the south, China and the United States began to seek relaxation through the iron curtain of ideology, the relations between the two countries gradually thawed, and finally realized the normalization of relations. Finally, both wars had a profound impact on American hegemony and became an important factor in the decline of the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Korean War was the beginning of the decline of American hegemony, while the Vietnam War became the turning point of American hegemony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K153
本文編號(hào)：2412228
[Abstract]:In the whole process of the cold war, there is not only the "cold" between the United States and Soviet Union, but also a lot of "hot", in which the Korean War and the Vietnam War are the most famous hot wars that took place under the cold war pattern. In this paper, the similarities and differences between the two wars as the main line, the relationship between the United States, Soviet Union, China and China as the starting point to discuss the topic. First of all, both wars are hot wars under the cold war pattern, both have a certain impact on the cold war pattern, and neither of them has changed the basic pattern of the cold war. During the Korean War, the United States was in a favorable position of taking the initiative to attack the Soviet Union, which was manifested by its active involvement in the Korean Civil War and the expansion of the war into a local war. The Soviet Union was in a defensive state for various reasons, manifested in its attitude of not intervening in the war, and used China as a shield to successfully protect its sphere of influence. During the Vietnam War, the attack and defense between the United States and the Soviet Union began to change. In the early part of the Vietnam War, although the United States was still on the offensive side and the Soviet Union was on the defensive side, the strength ratio between the United States and the Soviet Union had changed in quantity during that period, and eventually reached the late stage of the Vietnam War. The accumulation of this quantitative change led to qualitative change, and the long-term situation of the United States attacking and defending the Soviet Union was replaced by the Soviet attack on the United States. Second, both China and the Soviet Union strongly supported the struggle against the United States between the people of North Korea and Vietnam, but the relations between the Soviet Union and China changed dramatically during the two wars. During the Korean War, the two countries formed an alliance and cooperated closely in aid to the DPRK. Before China entered the war, the two countries held secret consultations to deal with the Korean crisis, and finally reached a tacit understanding that "China will send people and the Soviet Union will provide equipment." during the war, the Soviet Union further implemented its commitment to China in terms of weapons and equipment. During the armistice negotiations, the Soviet Union actively rushed the warring parties to facilitate the conclusion of the armistice agreement between China and the United States. During the Vietnam War, the tacit relations between China and the Soviet Union were replaced by the evil relations between China and the Soviet Union, and the two countries' aid to Vietnam increased the color of fighting for Vietnam against the other. Finally, the Soviet Union gained its dominant position in Vietnam, and the Sino-Vietnamese relations deteriorated. Thirdly, both China and the United States are in the antagonistic relationship during the two wars, but the two confrontations are different in the form of direct confrontation in the Korean War and indirect confrontation in the Vietnam War. At the same time, the impact of the outcome of the war on Sino-US relations is also different. After the Korean War, the detente between China and the United States may have been completely shattered by artillery fire, and the two countries have embarked on the road of long-term confrontation. Since the late Vietnam War, under the inevitable trend of the unification of the north and the south, China and the United States began to seek relaxation through the iron curtain of ideology, the relations between the two countries gradually thawed, and finally realized the normalization of relations. Finally, both wars had a profound impact on American hegemony and became an important factor in the decline of the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Korean War was the beginning of the decline of American hegemony, while the Vietnam War became the turning point of American hegemony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K153
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